08-16-2017, 09:58 PM
Prepared by::B.Swathi
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Introduction
Cryobiology is the study of living organisms, organs, biological tissues or biological cells at low temperatures.
Greek words "cryo" = cold
"bios" = life
"logos" = science
History
Cryobiology history can be traced back to antiquity. As early as in 2500B.C low temperatures were used in Egypt in medicine.
The use of cold was recommended by Hippocratus to stop bleeding and swelling.
With the emergence of modern Science, Robert Boyle studied the effects of low temperatures on animals.
Cryosurgery was carried out for the first time by James Arnott in 1845 in an operation on a patient with cancer.
After World War II, liquid nitrogen (196 C) became commercially available. In 1950, Allington introduced this cryogen into clinical practice by the technique of using cotton swabs dipped in liquid nitrogen to treat a variety of skin diseases.
The introduction of an automated cryosurgical apparatus cooled by liquid nitrogen by Cooper and Lee in 1961.Cooper modified his original 3-mm probes by adding a heating element to facilitate release from the tissue after freezing.
Cryosurgery is used in treatment of - External tumors, such as those on the skin. - Tumors inside the body (internal tumors and tumors in the bone). - Several types of cancer, and some precancerous or noncancerous conditions. - Prostate and liver tumors - Retinablastoma - Warts