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Suspension system in automobiles

Presented BY ,

SAGAR BABU-06J61A0318

What is suspension system

Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to

its wheels
Serve a dual purpose contributing to the car's handling and braking.
Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear

Different suspension systems

Conventional suspension system
Independent suspension system
Air suspension system
Hydro elastic suspension system

Conventional suspension system

Two wheels are mounted on either side of the rigid axle
When one wheel encounters the bump, both the wheel do not execute parallel up and down motion
So it gives rise to gyroscopic effect and wheel wobble
Rear driving wheels mounted on live axle suspended by laminated leaf springs and shock absorbers


Independent suspension system

Both the front and the rear wheel are utilized
Design incorporated in the front wheels
One wheel goes down ,the other wheel does not have much effect
Basic classification of the design
MacPherson Strut
Double Wishbone
Multi link

the most widely used front suspension system in cars
comprises of a strut-type spring and shock absorber combo, which pivots on a ball joint on the single, lower

arm.
The steering gear is either connected directly to the lower shock absorber housing, or to an arm from the front

or back of the spindle (in this case
When you steer, it physically twists the strut and shock absorber housing (and consequently the spring) to turn

the wheel
DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION


Type of double-A or double wishbone suspension
Wheel spindles are supported by an upper and lower 'A' shaped arm.
The lower arm carries most of the load.
If you look head-on at this type of system, parallelogram system that allows the spindles to

travel vertically up and down.
This side-to-side motion is known as scrub

Type of double-A arm suspension although the lower arm in these systems can sometimes be replaced with a single

solid arm (as in my picture).
The spring/shock combo is moved from between the arms to above the upper arm.
This transfers the load-bearing capability of the suspension almost entirely to the upper arm and the spring

mounts.
The lower arm in this instance becomes a control arm.
Multi-link suspension
It's currently being used in the Audi A8 and A4 amongst other cars.
The basic principle of it is the same, but instead of solid upper and lower wishbones, each 'arm' of the

wishbone is a separate item.
These are joined at the top and bottom of the spindle thus forming the wishbone shape.
The super-weird thing about this is that as the spindle turns for steering, it alters the geometry of the

suspension by torquing all four suspension arms.
Spring is separate from the schock absorber.
Advantages ( independent front )
Bigger deflection of front wheels, no reaction on steering
Greater distance for resisting rolling action
Front axle (small-stub), improves road holding tendency of tyres.
Minimum vibrations

DISADVANTAGES

Better shock absorber required.
Expensive
Tyre wear increases due to transmission of torque.

Advantages ( independent rear suspension)

Lesser unsprung weight improves ride , reduces tyre wear.
Increased passenger space
Rear wheels remain stable ..

DISADVANTAGES

Increased cost
Complicated design
Steering action is not proper
Traverse suspension system

Normally find on the rear suspension
Combines independent double wishbone suspension with a leaf spring.
It involves one leaf spring mounted across the vehicle, connected at each end to the lower wishbone.
The centre of the spring is connected to the front subframe in the middle of the car.
There are still two shock absorbers, mounted one to each side on the lower wishbones.
Air suspension
Comprises of compressor , suppling air to air tank
Pressure maintained 5.6 to 7 kg/sq.m
Air bags on each wheel
As load applied , air bags compressed actuating the levelling valve .
Air from the tank fills the compressrd air bag & hence raise the level of the frame.
Air from air bag gets released as load on chassis decreases .
Air suspension layout
Advantages of air suspension
These maintain a constant frequency of vibration whether the vehicle is laden or unladen.
Constant frame height is maintained.
It helps to reduce the load while the vehicle in motion i.e. the dynamic loading as the spring rate variation

between laden and unladen weight is much less.
It gives smooth and comfort ride of the vehicle.
The stiffness of the system increases with the increase of the deflection.
Common Air Suspension Problems
Air bag or air strut failure
- due to old age, or moisture within the air system that damages them from the inside.
Compressor failure
- Primarily due to leaking air springs or air struts
- Compressor burnout may also be caused by moisture from within the air system coming into contact with its

electronic parts.
Dryer failure
- which functions to remove moisture from the air system eventually becomes saturated and unable to perform

that function
Hydrolastic Suspension
a system where the front and rear suspension systems were connected together in order to better level the car

when driving.
The front and rear suspension units have Hydrolastic displacers, one per side.
These are interconnected by a small bore pipe. Each displacer incorporates a rubber spring
Damping of the system is achieved by rubber valves.

when the front wheel encounter bumps ,the piston moves upwards pressurising the fluid to enter into the rear

unit.
Hydroelastic was eventually refined into Hydragas suspension..
Hydrogas suspension
Known as hydro-pneumatic suspension.
The difference is in the displacer unit itself.
In the older systems, fluid was used in the displacer units with a rubber spring cushion built-in.
With Hydragas, the rubber spring is removed completely.
The fluid still exists but above the fluid there is now a separating membrane or diaphragm, and above that is a

cylinder or sphere which is charged with nitrogen gas.
The nitrogen section is what has become the spring and damping unit whilst the fluid is still free to run from

the front to the rear units and back.

Difference
HELPER SPRING

DIRECTLY MOUNTED ON MAIN SPRINGS
TAKE CARE OF LARGE VARIATION IN SPRING LOAD
DURING LIGHT LOADS ,ONLY MAIN SPIRNG IS ACTIVE , AS LOAD INCREASE TO A PARTICULAR FIXED VALUE , BOTH THE

SPRINGS ARE ACTIVE
[attachment=2645]
A PRESENTATION ON SUSPENSION SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY:-
NIKHIL VERMA
ROLL NO. 13735
MECHANICAL 3RD YEAR


INTRODUCTION

Suspension system is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels . It is basically cushion for passengers protects the luggage or any cargo and also itself from damage and wear.
Sir William Brush is the father of suspension system in automobiles.

ROLE OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

The main role of suspension system are as follows:
It supports the weight of vehicle .
Provides smoother ride for the driver and passengers i.e. acts as cushion.
Protects your vehicle from damage and wear .
It also plays a critical role in maintaining self driving conditions.
It also keeps the wheels pressed firmly to the ground for traction .
It isolates the body from road shocks and vibrations which would otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load.

PRINCIPLE OF SUSPENSION

Principle :-When a tire hits an obstruction, there is a reaction force. The size of this reaction force depends on the unsprung mass at each wheel assembly.

In general, the larger the ratio of sprung weight to unsprung weight, the less the body and vehicle occupants are affected by bumps, dips, and other surface imperfections such as small bridges. A large sprung weight to unsprung weight ratio can also impact vehicle control.

DEFINITIONS OF
SPRUNG &UNSPRUNG MASS

Sprung mass :-Sprung mass (weight) refers to vehicle parts supported on the suspension system, such as the body, frame, engine, the internal
components, passengers, and cargo.
Unsprung mass :- Unsprung mass
refers to the components that follow
the road contours, such as wheels, tires,brake assemblies, and any part of the steering and suspension not supported by the springs.

WORKING OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

No road is perfectly flat i.e. without irregularities. Even a freshly paved highways have subtle imperfections that can be interact with vehicle s wheels. These are the imperfections that apply forces on wheels.
According to Newton s law of motion all forces have both magnitude and direction.
A bump in the road causes the wheel to move up and down perpendicular to the road surface. The magnitude of course ,depends on whether the wheel is striking a giant bump or a tiny speck. Thus, either the wheel experiences a vertical acceleration as it passes over an imperfection.

PARTS OF TYPICAL SUSPENSION

The suspension of a car is actually part of the chassis, which comprises all of the important systems located beneath the car's body. These system include :
Frame
Suspension system
Steering system
Tires or Wheels



COMPONENTS OF ANY SUSPENSION

There are three fundamental components of any suspension system .
Springs
Dampers
Anti sway bars
Anti-sway Bars:- Anti-sway bars (also known as anti-roll bars) are used along with shock absorbers or struts to give a moving automobile additional stability. An anti-sway bar is a metal rod that spans the entire axle and effectively joins each side of the suspension together.

ADVANTAGES

Comfort to passengers
Good handling
Shields the vehicle from damage
Increases life of vehicle
Keeps the tires pressed firmly to ground

CONCLUSION

From the whole discussion in suspension system, I observe that suspension system is like a white blood cell .As white blood cell provides energy to our body to fight against diseases or viruses which try to destroy or try to decrease our life ,in the similar way suspension system provides the energy to a vehicle to protect itself from damaging, increasing life of the vehicle ,increases the handing,increases comfort of passengers and many more.
So, according to me if you remove the suspension system, then you feel like in bull- cart in Audi , Mercedes types luxurious cars. The only difference is speed.
So, the scope of Suspension System is Too Bright.
[attachment=6480]
This article is presented by:Uzair Khan
Suspension Control for Full Car Model


Suspension systems
Maximization of the friction between road surface and tyres.
To provide the better road handling and ride conditions.
Problem is constant suspension parameters.

Possible suspension control models

Quarter car model
(Only informs about the Heave (vertical motion) of vehicle)

Half car model
(Information about Heave (vertical motion) and Pitch/Roll motion of the body)

Full car model
(Information about Heave (vertical motion) , Pitch and Roll motion of the body)

State space representation
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Presented by:
Sourabh Y. Rajput

[attachment=6671]


Suspension system
The automobile chasis is mounted on the axle not directly but through some form of spring and other equipments which make a comfortable ride for passengers as well as goods and vehicle working parts

Comfort and control
Comfort is provided by isolating the vehicle's passengers from road disturbances like bumps or potholes .
Control is achieved by keeping the car body from rolling and pitching excessively, and maintaining good contact between the tire and the road.
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[attachment=3578]

Suspension system in automobiles

Presented BY ,
RAJESWARAN - 05ME44
RAVI KUMAR - 05ME49
TOWFIQ AHAMED - 05ME64



What is suspension system

Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels
Serve a dual purpose
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