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IDENTIFICATION OF GROUND WATER POTENTIAL ZONE BASED ON INDEX OVERLAY METHOD IN AND AROUND DEHRA DOON
Abstracts
The last decade has seen a phenomenal growth in the use of Remote Sensing and GIS technology in ground water studies as the ground water has become the most sought-after natural resource by the mankind due to tremendous pressure on the ground water system by the ever-increasing population and industrial growth. Since last decade, the value per barrel of potable ground water has outpaced the value of a barrel of oil in many areas of the world. Therefore, importance of ground water in various fields like domestic, industrial and agriculture and recycling of wastewater requires an emphasis. Establishing relationship between Remote Sensing data and hydrologic phenomenon can maximize the efficiency of water resources development projects. Considering the importance of remote sensing and GIS techniques, the present study has been undertaken in the eastern Doon Valley and its surroundings covering parts of Uttaranchal State with a view to map different landforms understand geomorphic processes involved and delineate prospective ground water zones. The prime objectives of the present study are as follows: 1) To identify and map other parameters controlling the ground water occurrence and movement, such as lithostratigraphy, structure, drainage density, slope, land use/land cover, etc. 2) To understand the nature and performance of aquifers based on tube well and dug well data. 3) To delineate the prospective ground water zones by integrating different controlling parameters along with the well data in the GIS environment. Well data were collected from different government departments and analyzed. Based upon the well data, different maps like static water table map, aquifer thickness map, well discharge map, well specific capacity map and well yield factor map were prepared. Subsequently, all the layers important from ground water occurrence and movement point of view were digitized and integrated in the GIS environment using index overlay method. The weights to different units/ parameters and themes were assigned depending upon their importance. With this integrated GIS analysis, ground water prospects map of the study area was prepared. The ground water prospects have been classified qualitatively as Excellent, Very Good, Good, Moderate and Limited.

Sub-theme: Ground water zonation and mapping.
Introduction
Lack of adequate potable and agricultural water supplies inhibits the progress of developing countries and is the cause of considerable hardship to humans worldwide. In the present study, the satellite imagery (PAN and LISS II) provided by IRS have been digitally enhanced using various techniques to improve the visual interpretability. These enhanced images were visually interpreted to map different landforms and geomorphic units existing in the area and to understand the processes of their evolution. Other parameters which control the occurrence and movement of ground water, such as Lithology/Rock type, structure, land use/land cover, drainage density were also interpreted using satellite imagery in conjunction with the existing maps and literature, and different overlays were prepared. Well data were collected from different government departments and analyzed. Based upon the well data, different maps like static water table map, aquifer thickness map, well discharge map, well specific capacity map and well yield factor map were prepared. Subsequently, all the layers important from ground water occurrence and movement point of view were digitized and integrated in the GIS environment using index overlay method. The weights to different units/ parameters and themes were assigned depending upon their importance. With this integrated GIS analysis, ground water prospects map of the study area was prepared. The ground water prospects have been classified qualitatively as Excellent, Very Good, Good, Moderate and Limited. The ground water prospective zones are essentially located in the intermontane Doon valley area, especially in the lower part under semi-confined to confined conditions. The denudo-structural hills of the Siwaliks and Pre-Tertiary rocks and residual hills of old Doon gravel form essentially the run-off zones, wherein the prospects exist only along the valleys / topographic lows, suitable geological structures, springs and seepage zones. The synoptic view provided by the satellite imagery helps in understanding and correlating various landforms, which cannot be readily observed from the ground due to limited range of observation. The last decade has seen a phenomenal growth in the use of Remote Sensing and GIS technology in ground water studies as the ground water has become the most sought-after natural resource by the mankind due to tremendous pressure on the ground water system by the ever-increasing population and industrial growth. Lack of adequate potable and agricultural water supplies inhibits the progress of developing countries and is the cause of considerable hardship to humans worldwide. A thorough hydrogeologic understanding is often critical for cost-effective water resources development projects designed to alleviate these hardships. Since last decade, the value per barrel of potable ground water has outpaced the value of a barrel of oil in many areas of the world. Therefore, importance of ground water in various fields like domestic, industrial and agriculture and recycling of wastewater requires an emphasis. Establishing relationship between Remote Sensing data and hydrologic phenomenon can maximize the efficiency of water resources development projects. In spite of extensive research and technological advancement, the study of ground water has remained more of a speculative and intuitive science, as there is no method to facilitate direct observation of water below the surface. Its presence or absence can only be inferred indirectly by studying the geological framework through which it flows. There are a number of factors that control the ground water regime in a given area such as: Lithology, Stratigraphy, Structure, Landforms/Geomorphology, Recharge Conditions, Slope, Soil, Land use/Land cover, etc. Remotely Sensed data by virtue of its synoptic coverage and multispectral nature help in identification and mapping of most of the above factors with selective ground checks in a cost-effective manner. An integrated analysis of these factors and the available well and ancillary data in the GIS environment helps in identifying the potential ground water zones