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DRIVE-BY WIRE SYSTEMS

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Introduction and Background

For the past 25 years, by-wire systems have been used in the most advanced Flying machines known to man. Fly-by-wire is where each mechanism is controlled electronically. The mechanical linkages are removed and every movement is communicated through electric signals alone. The use of electronic motors to control movement has proven to be more responsive and a more efficient use of space and energy. Thus the by-wire control is now setting the stage for better, faster vehicles in the air and on land.

The Brakes-By-Wire

In future automobiles will serve as the vehicle for high speed applications. Therefore it was very important to make a vehicle that has a reliable and effective brake. As discussed in the background chapter, there are two ways that brakes can be electronically controlled: electrohydraulic braking and electromechanical braking. First, the car must be capable of being manually operated. So, one guideline was to make sure the hardware installed in the car does not interfere with the driver s space. Secondly, the hardware must be installed in such a way that a person can drive the vehicle without having to move any components of the by-wire system. Thirdly, the by-wire system must be robust and durable. Actuators should not interfere with the driver s space on the floor. In addition, since the actuator is mounted inside the vehicle, the actuator is protected from the elements.

Control of the Brakes System

This section will explain how the brake is controlled:-
a) The control architecture will be explained.
b) An overview of the software programs used will be presented.
c) All other control considerations such as calibration of the motor and motor feedback will be discussed.

The Steer-By-Wire

This section will focus on describing the steer-by-wire system in the drive by system. First recruitment of the steer-by-wire system must be reliable and responsive. The car Controller must consistently demonstrate complete control of the steering system. Also, a responsive vehicle will be able to change directions on Command. If the car is not responsive to controller inputs, vehicle control will be compromised and is not safe. The vehicle must also be accurately controlled Accuracy is a necessity especially for high speed applications and the heading of the vehicle must be reliable and accurate. Furthermore, accurate steering control will help ensure that the vehicle is safe.
Automobile industry is one of the most competitive industries nowadays. In order to sustain in this competitive world the manufacturers have to include suitable modification in their design. Modifications are done in design with a view to increase the comfort of driver as well as passengers. Sensors are incorporated in automobile to determine various parameter and to enhance safety and to improve efficiency of the automobile. These are actually electro-mechanical devices which convert the physical quantity to electrical signal. The signals are send to control unit which take necessary action to control the parameter. Many of the research projects are currently underway in designing electronic control system for automobiles. These so called drive-by wire system are becoming wide spread in automotive engineering. Many of direct page link between driver and vehicle control have been supplemented by electronic connection . These electronic control system heavily depend on sensors for collecting information from various parts of a automobile. The paper reviews the current practice in sensors and their application in automobile. In the past the driver had direct control over the vehicle by mechanical linkages. Nowadays these mechanical linkages are replaced by wiring harnesses and an electronic interface is present between driver and the vehicle. These so called drive-by-wire systems enable the driver a safer, easier driving at the same time optimizing economy, emissions and performance of engine. These systems are heavily dependent on sensors for collecting necessary data regarding the vehicle. The various electronic control systems that use sensors are engine management systems, anti-lock braking system, active suspension systems, different safety system etc.
Automobile industry is one of the most competitive industries nowadays. Inorder to sustain in this competitive world the manufacturers have to include suitable modification in their design. Modifications are done in design with a view to increase the comfort of driver as well as passengers. Sensors are incorporated in automobile to determine various parameter and to enhance safety and to improve efficiency of the automobile. These are actually electro-mechanical devices which convert the physical quantity to electrical signal. The signals are send to control unit which take necessary action to control the parameter. Many of the research projects are currently underway in designing electronic control system for automobiles. These so called drive-by wire system are becoming wide spread in automotive engineering. Many of direct page link between driver and vehicle control have been supplemented by electronic connection . These electronic control system heavily depend on sensors for collecting information from various parts of a automobile. The paper reviews the current practice in sensors and their application in automobile. In the past the driver had direct control over the vehicle by mechanical linkages. Nowadays these mechanical linkages are replaced by wiring harnesses and an electronic interface is present between driver and the vehicle. These so called drive-by-wire systems enable the driver a safer, easier driving at the same time optimising economy, emissions and performance of engine. These systems are heavily dependent on sensors for collecting necessary data regarding the vehicle. The various electronic control systems that use sensors are engine management systems, anti-lock braking system, active suspension systems, different safety system etc.
Drive-by-wire will play an important role in future automotive systems. The main idea of
drive-by-wire is to replace purely mechanical/hydraulic steering, braking and engine control
systems by mechatronic components that allow for higher performance and extended
functionality. A whole range of new functions such as collision mitigation, autonomous
driving, advanced cruise control and novel anti-skid control approaches depend on drive-bywire
systems. The presentation will give an overview of some important drive-by-wire
systems and the related applications.

Drive-by-wire, DbW, by-wire, or x-by-wire technology in the automotive industry replaces the traditional mechanical and hydraulic control systems with electronic control systems using electromechanical actuators and human-machine interfaces such as pedal and steering feel emulators. Hence, the traditional components such as the steering column, intermediate shafts, pumps, hoses, fluids, belts, coolers and brake boosters and master cylinders are eliminated from the vehicle. Examples include electronic throttle control and brake-by-wire.

read this http://en.wikipediawiki/Drive_by_wire
http://auto.howstuffworksdrive-by-wire2.htm
http://auto.howstuffworkshy-wire3.htm
http://linkinghub.elsevierretrieve/pii/S...6102001466
http://chevythunderdrive_by_wire.htm
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