08-16-2017, 09:30 PM
Epilepsy
[attachment=16306]
Introduction
1.1 Epilepsy
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with a prevalence of 0.6-0.8% of the world population. Two thirds of the patients achieve sufficient seizure control from anticonvulsive medication, and another 8-10% could benefit from respective surgery. For the remaining 25% of patients, no sufficient treatment is currently available. The epilepsy is characterized by a sudden and recurrent malfunction of the Brain, which is termed seizure . Epileptic seizures reflect the clinical signs of an excessive and hyper synchronous activity of neurons in the brain. Depending on the extent of the involvement of other brain areas during the course of the seizure, epilepsies can be divided into two main classes. Generalized seizures involve almost the entire brain, while focal (or partial) seizures originate from a circumscribed region of the brain (epileptic focus) and remain restricted to this region. Epileptic seizures may be accompanied by impairment or loss of consciousness psychic, autonomic or sensory symptoms or motor phenomena.
1.2 History of EEG
Since a BCI system is controlled directly by the brain, it needs a method to detect brain activity. The method can be magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), positron emission topography (PET), near-infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), magneto - encephalography (MEG), or electroencephalogram (EEG). Among these methods, the EEG is relatively inexpensive, has rapid response time, and can function in most environments. At present, the EEG is widely used to monitor brain activity in BCI research. MRI belongs to the structural imaging. Structural imaging represents a range of measurement techniques, which can display anatomical information. Optical imaging offers some disadvantages over both MEG and FMRI, both of which involve the use of large, heavy, expensive instruments, and a dedicated building to eliminate effects of external magnetic fields.
1.3 Advantage EEG over others
Other techniques such as PET and NIRS are not used over EEG because both of them are having some issues that they are unsuited for monitor brain activity. PET is a nuclear medicine imaging modality that provides information about the regional cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism. NIRS is a non-invasive technique used for monitoring blood oxygenation.
[attachment=16306]
Introduction
1.1 Epilepsy
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with a prevalence of 0.6-0.8% of the world population. Two thirds of the patients achieve sufficient seizure control from anticonvulsive medication, and another 8-10% could benefit from respective surgery. For the remaining 25% of patients, no sufficient treatment is currently available. The epilepsy is characterized by a sudden and recurrent malfunction of the Brain, which is termed seizure . Epileptic seizures reflect the clinical signs of an excessive and hyper synchronous activity of neurons in the brain. Depending on the extent of the involvement of other brain areas during the course of the seizure, epilepsies can be divided into two main classes. Generalized seizures involve almost the entire brain, while focal (or partial) seizures originate from a circumscribed region of the brain (epileptic focus) and remain restricted to this region. Epileptic seizures may be accompanied by impairment or loss of consciousness psychic, autonomic or sensory symptoms or motor phenomena.
1.2 History of EEG
Since a BCI system is controlled directly by the brain, it needs a method to detect brain activity. The method can be magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), positron emission topography (PET), near-infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), magneto - encephalography (MEG), or electroencephalogram (EEG). Among these methods, the EEG is relatively inexpensive, has rapid response time, and can function in most environments. At present, the EEG is widely used to monitor brain activity in BCI research. MRI belongs to the structural imaging. Structural imaging represents a range of measurement techniques, which can display anatomical information. Optical imaging offers some disadvantages over both MEG and FMRI, both of which involve the use of large, heavy, expensive instruments, and a dedicated building to eliminate effects of external magnetic fields.
1.3 Advantage EEG over others
Other techniques such as PET and NIRS are not used over EEG because both of them are having some issues that they are unsuited for monitor brain activity. PET is a nuclear medicine imaging modality that provides information about the regional cerebral blood flow and tissue metabolism. NIRS is a non-invasive technique used for monitoring blood oxygenation.