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automatic plant watering system depending on soil condition - amjith - 08-16-2017 AUTOMATIC PLANT WATERING SYSTEM DEPENDING ON SOIL CONDITION ABSTRACT Irrigation is the art of applying water to the plants/ fields to grow and to increase the quantity as well as quality of the fruits, food grains etc., Automatic irrigation system is a modern method of irrigating the vegetable, fruit fields, farms, gardens and land scaping areas as against the conventional method, which uses large number of men- hours and uncontrolled water quantity. This modern drip irrigation method has the advantage of precisely applying water for irrigation in both location and point, thus offering the potential of increased profit due to Reduced water. This project work describes about Automatic Plant Watering System depending on soil condition designed with micro- controller. The main purpose of the project work is to apply water to the plants automatically, by sensing the soil condition. For sensing the soil condition, weather it is dry or wet, copper electrodes are used as soil sensors and output of these sensors are fed to the microcontroller. The output of microcontroller is used to drive the motor, for this purpose relay is used. These are electrically controlled valves, when the particular plant soil found to be dry, automatically the controller energizes that particular plant relay and supply water to that plant. Provision is made for LCD panel, such that condition of the soil can be displayed. In addition to the above, the system is designed to monitor the water level in overhead water tank. 1. INTRODUCTION In India agriculture is the most important occupation of the people. More than 60% of our total population depends for their subsistence on agriculture. After independence due to various development projects introduced in the field agriculture, production of food grains has been continuously increasing. The entire Indian economy is depends on agriculture. Any fluctuation in agriculture income will directly affect the India s national income. In this regard, a thought is given to develop an Automatic Plant Watering System Depending On Soil condition designed with micro-controller. Irrigation engineering comprises of a full knowledge of sources of irrigation water, their proper preservation and application of this water to the land after conveying it from the source through an irrigation system, consisting of canal and connected works. It also includes a working knowledge of different types of soils and the water requirements of various crops sown in them. In this project work lot of importance is given for the drip irrigation, such that by sensing the soil humidity water supply can be controlled automatically. For sensing the soil condition copper electrodes are used. Irrigation is usually required when the yearly rainfall is either insufficient or ill distributed or ill timed. Yield is much better where irrigation is practiced and fields are watered at the proper time. In countries like India and Egypt, irrigation provides employment for large sections of people. It raises the standard of living and prosperity. Irrigation projects are successful only when sufficient quantities of water are available and the land is suitable to grow remunerative crops. No irrigation is normally required if the total annual rainfall is 100cms. Or more and takes place at correct times. When it is proposed to grow valuation and better types of crops like Rice, Sugar cane, Vegetables, Cotton etc., Irrigation is very essential. This project work, in addition to the controlling of pumping motor, it is also aimed to control the overhead tank automatically, for this purpose the controller circuit is designed with micro-controller. With the advancement of technology in the electronics. Particularly in the Hybrid electronics and Microelectronics, the electronics has entered in to each and every field, whether it is a communication electronics or control electronics or computer electronics. To make more innovative and more comfortable for modern drip irrigation, it is decided to develop a project in plant watering automation. In this project work, micro-controller chip is playing a major role, the controller used in this project is PIC16F877, and this is 40pin IC having 33 /O lines. Nowadays with the advancement of technology in the field of micro-controllers, all the activities in our day-to-day living have become part of information technology and we find micro-controllers in each and every application. Thus, the trend is directing towards controller based project works. However in this project work, the basic signal processing of information gathering from the soil and water tank condition, is done with analog circuit, for this purpose copper electrodes are used for sensing the soil condition. By implementing this kind of monitoring and control systems for the agriculture purpose, each and every field can be automated. However in this project work micro- controller is used just as a controller in controlling various relays. In this project a relay is connected at the output of the controller, which energizes or de-energizes automatically according to the received information from the copper electrodes. Before we go into concept of field automation first we have to define automation. The term Automation refers to means of control of electrical and mechanical operations without human interference. Definition of automation can be extended to field Automation which states that monitoring and control of various electrical equipments used for modern drip irrigation to their predetermined levels without human interference . In real time application with one micro-controller we can process large number of micro-controller or other IC device to be tailored to implement a specific function. The application program executed by a micro- controller drives the system hardware in order to implement the desired system . function for a given micro-controller, different application programs allow different systems function to be implemented within a range limited by the available system 2.LITERATURE SURVEY In our literature survey we found that the prevoiys versions of the current project had major drawbacks.the problem with the previous versions was that they had only provision for automatic plant watering and they were unable to detect the soil condition.which was a huge drawback.the previous models could not implement the drip irrigation system.and they did not have a autonatic tank level controlling in order to eliminate all the above said problems we designed amoduele considering the above situation 3.THEROTICAL ANLAYSIS 3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS BRIEF DESPRIPTION The block diagram and its brief description of the project work Automatic Plant Watering System Depending On Soil Condiotion is explained in brief. The complete block diagram of the project work is shown at the end of this chapter. The description is as follows. LCD FOR DISPLAY: Liquid Crystal Display has been used for monitoring the soil condition, which displays weather the soil is dry or wet. LCD is preferred because of its lightweight and low power consumption compared to LED s or Fluorescent displays. The LCD is interfaced to the micro-controller. To character that is displayed will be stored in the Micro-controller prior to the display. A Liquid Crystal Display is a parallel plate capacitor with dielectric patterns in the photo resist. These patterns can be segments of numeric digits or they can be icons/patterns that represent various functions. LCD consists of two substrates that form a flat bottle containing the liquid crystal mixture. The inside surfaces of the bottle or cell are coated with a polymer that is buffed (surface which is finished with lines) to align the molecules of liquid crystal. The liquid crystal molecules align on the surface in the direction of buffing. In the present module 16-bit length LCD is used i.e., the message can be 16 characters maximum at a time.32-bit or more LCD can be used in future for enhancing the text length. MICRO-CONTROLLER Microcontroller chip includes a microprocessor as well as some often peripherals. A controller is used to control some process or aspect of environment. A typical microcontroller application is monitoring of my house. As the temperature rises, the controller causes the windows to open. If the temperature goes the above a certain threshold, the sir conditioner is activated. As the process of miniaturization continued, all the components needed for controller were built right onto one chip. A one chip computer or microcontroller was born. A microcontroller is a highly integrated chip which includes, on one chip, all or most of the parts needed for the controller. The microcontroller could be called a one-chip solution . It typically includes CPU, EPROM/PROM/ROM, I/O devices (serial, parallel, ADC, DAC etc) , Timers, Interrupt controller. icrocontroller come in many flavors and varieties. Depending on the power and features that are needed, you might choose a 4 bit, 8 bit, 16 bit or 32 bit microcontroller. In addition, some specialized versions are available which include features specific for communications, keyboard handling,signal processing, video processing,and other tasks. Today s microcontrollers are fast,cheap and low power machines that can handle just about any control or data processing application imaginable. However, with the wide array of microcontroller offerings available from over 25 manucacturers, it can be difficult to keep up with the features, market, theory, and terminology involved with the microcontroller world. With so many manufacturers now producing Micro-controller unit is constructed with PIC16F877 Micro-controller chip. The PIC16F877 is a low power, higher performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with programme memory size14K bytes 368 bytes of RAM and 256 bytes of EEPROM. automatic plant watering system depending on soil condition - jijo - 08-16-2017 1)soil conservation 2)automatic plant watering system depending on soil condition |