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claytronics - nachiket13 - 10-04-2017 Claytronics Arun K, Joseph Mattamana Electronics And Communication Department College Of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram [attachment=10156] Abstract Claytronics is the concept of the future which aims to break the barrier in transferring and transforming tangible 3D objects. The concept basically is to make an object to be composed of millions of programed nano scale robots and to move them relative to each other in a controlled coordinated manner to change shape and other properties of the body. Claytronics consists of individual components called claytronic atoms or Catoms . As the actual hardware is to manipulate itself to whatever desired form each catoms should consist of CPU, a network device for communication, single pixel display, sensors, a means to adhere with each other and power source. Organizing all of the communication and actions between millions of catoms also require highly advanced algorithms and programing language. This idea is broadly referred to as also programmable matter . Claytronics has the potential to greatly affect many areas of daily life, such as telecommunication, human-computer interface, entertainment etc Introduction Claytronics is a form a programmable matter that takes the concept of modular robots to a new extreme and is expected to make a new revolution in communication sector. The concept of modular robots has been around for some time. In general the goal of these projects was to adapt to the environment to facilitate, for example, improved locomotion. One of the primary goals of claytronics is to form the basis for a new media type, pario. Pario, a logical extension of audio and video, is a media type used to reproduce moving 3D objects in the real world. A direct result of our goal is that claytronics must scale to millions of micron-scale units. Having scaling (both in number and size) as a primary design goal impacts the work significantly. The long term goal of this is to render physical artifacts with such high fidelity that our senses will easily accept the reproduction for the original.When this goal is achieved we will be able to create an environment, which could be synthetic reality, in which a user can interact with computer generated artifacts as if they were the real thing. Synthetic reality has significant advantages over virtual reality or augmented reality. For example, there is no need for the user to use any form of sensory augmentation, e.g., head mounted displays or haptic feedback devices will be able to see, touch, pick-up, or even use the rendered artifactsClaytronics is made up of individual components, called catoms for Claytronic atoms that can move in three dimensions (in relation to other catoms), adhere to other catoms to maintain a 3D shape, and compute state information (with possible assistance from other catoms in the ensemble). Each catom is a self-contained unit with a CPU, an energy store, a network device, a video output device, one or more sensors, a means of locomotion, and a mechanism for adhering to other catoms. A Claytronics system forms a shape through the interaction of the individual catoms. For example, suppose we wish to synthesize a physical copy of a person. The catoms would first localize themselves with respect to the ensemble. Once localized, they would form an hierarchical network in a distributed fashion. The hierarchical structure is necessary to deal with the scale of the ensemble; it helps to improve locality and to facilitate the planning and coordination tasks. The goal (in this case, mimicking a human form) would then be specified abstractly, perhaps as a series of snapshots or as a collection of virtual deforming forces , and then broadcast to the catoms. Compilation of the specification into local actions would then provide each catom with a local plan for achieving the desired global shape. At this point, the catoms would start to move around each other using forces generated on-board, either magnetically or electrostatically, and adhere to each other using, for example, a Nano fiber-adhesive mechanism. Finally, the catoms on the surface would display an image; rendering the colour and texture characteristics of the source object.Except for taste and smell it will be an exact replica that is, for the other three senses there won t be any difference between original and replica. If the source object begins to move, a concise description of the movements would be broadcast allowing the catoms to update their positions by moving around each other. The end result will bea real time replica of the object and thus next leap in communication industry. Claytronic Hardware A fundamental requirement of Claytronics is that the system must scale to very large numbers of interacting catoms and hardware part deals with designing of catoms. Design of catoms should besimple, and each will have atleast following four capabilities: 1) Computation: It is believed that catoms could take advantage of existing microprocessor technology. Given that some modern microprocessor cores are now under a square millimeter, they believe that a reasonable amount of computational capacity should fit on the several square millimetres of surface area potentially available in a 2mm-diameter catom. 2) Motion: Although they will move, catoms will have no moving parts. This will enable them to form connections much more rapidly than traditional micro robots, and it will make them easier to manufacture in high volume. Catoms will bind to one another and move via electromagnetic or electrostatic forces, depending on the catom size. Imagine a catom that is close to spherical in shape, and whose perimeter is covered by small electromagnets. A catom will move itself around by energizing a particular magnet and cooperating with a neighbouring catom to do the same, drawing the pair together. If both catoms are free, they will spin equally about their axes, but if one catom is held rigid by links to its neighbours, the other will swing around the first, rolling across the fixed catom's surface and into a new position. Electrostatic actuation will be required once catom sizes shrink to less than a millimeter or two. The process will be essentially the same, but rather than electromagnets, the perimeter of the catom will be covered with conductive plates. By selectively applying electric charges to the plates, each catom will be able to move relative to its neighbours. 3) Power: Catoms must be able to draw power without having to rely on a bulky battery or a wired connection. Under a novel resistor- network design the researchers have developed, only a few catoms must be connected in order for the entire ensemble to draw power. When connected catoms are energized, this triggers active routing algorithms which distribute power throughout the ensemble. 4) Communications: Communications is perhaps the biggest challenge that researchers face in designing catoms. An ensemble could contain millions or billions of catoms, and because of the way in which they pack, there could be as many as six axes of interconnection.At present a lot of emphasis is put on hardware part and with the development of nano-technology hardware part will be a reality, the next challenge is software (or program part of it). The following are some catoms- Planar catoms Electrostatic latches Stochastic catoms Giant helium catoms MEMS sphere In the future with the development of nanotechnology the hardware hurdle will be crossed and next hurdle will be software Claytronic Software The usual programming languages like C++ or Java are not suitable fora massively distributed system composed of numerous resource-limited catoms. It is also difficult to think of programing in these languages and debugging errors is even harder, for this special high level language withmore abbreviated syntax and a different style of command is required.The goal of a claytronics matrix is to dynamically form three dimensional shapes. However, the vast number of catoms in this distributed network increases complexity of micro-management of each individual catom. So, each catom must perceive accurate position information and command of cooperation with its neighbors. In this environment, software language for the matrix operation must convey concise statements of high- level commands in order to be universally distributed. Specially for this purpose two new programming languages are being developed- 1) Meld 2) Locally Distributed Predicates (LDP). Meld Meld is a declarative language, a logic programming language developed for programming catoms. By using logic programming, the code for an ensemble of robots can be written from a global perspective, enabling the programmer to concentrate on the overall performance of the claytronics matrix rather than writing individual instructions for every one of the thousands to millions of catoms in the ensemble. This dramatically simplifies the thought process for programming the movement of a claytronics matrix and also consumes 20 times less memory than C++. Meld use a collection of facts and a set of production rules for combining existing facts to produce new ones. Each rule specifies a set of conditions (expressions relating facts and pieces of facts), and a new fact that can be proven (i.e., generated safely) if these conditions are satisfied. As a program is executed, the facts are combined to satisfy the rules and produce new facts which are in turn used to satisfy additional rules. This process, called forward chaining, continues until all provable facts have been proven. A logic program, therefore, consists of the rules for combining facts while the execution environment is the set of base facts that are known to be true before execution begins. Conclusion Expect the revolution to occur in a few years to half a century, just a few barriers to be broken and the humanity will not look back. As giant companies like Intel competes to crack the problem of nanotechnology and as algorithms get better, this will be a reality. References 1. cs.cmu.edu/ claytronics/ 2. en.wikipediawiki/Claytronics 3. techresearch.intelarticles/Exploratory/15 00.htm 4. http://post- gazettepg/05136/505033.stm 5. jumpingelectronsScience/Claytroni cs-Synthetic-Reality.asp 6. youtubewatch?v=bcaqzOUv2Ao claytronics - sandhyarani - 10-04-2017 [attachment=15247] Abstract: Today, computing engages a user s senses of sight and hearing through video and audio devices whose effects the user must integrate in his or her mind. Suppose that electronic media could offer users an active form of original information that would fully integrate sight and sound and add the sense of touch for the user experience. Suppose that the person using information could interact physically with it. This is the concept of claytronics, which is also known as programmable matter. Through this medium, users would engage with information in realistic, 3-dimensional forms represented in the immediacy of the user s personal space Claytronics technology combines nano-robotics and large-scale computing to create synthetic reality, a revolutionary 3-dimensional display of information. The vision behind this research is to provide users with tangible forms of electronic information that express the appearance in actions of original sources. The clay would be made out of millions of tiny microprocessors called catoms (for claytronic atoms ), each less than a millimeter wide. The catoms would bond electro-statically and be molded into different shapes when instructed by software. Introduction: Claytronics is nothing but making a machine intelligent. The idea is simple: make basic computers housed in tiny spheres that can connect to each other and rearrange themselves, which is similar to Modular- Robotics. Modular self-reconfiguring robotic systems or self-reconfigurable modular robots are autonomous kinematic machines with variable morphology which helps them to change their own shape deliberately by rearranging the connectivity of their parts. Catoms: With claytronics, millions of tiny individual devices -- "claytronic atoms" or "catoms" -- would assemble into macro-scale objects, connecting and disconnecting as they move. Each catom is less than a millimetre in diameter. With billions you could make almost any object you wanted. Catoms are described as being similar in nature to a nano-machine, but with greater power and complexity. While microscopic individually, they bond and work together on a larger scale. Catoms can change their density, energy levels, state of being, and other characteristics using thought alone. These catoms are designed to form much larger scale machines or mechanisms. Also known as "programmable matter", the catoms will be sub-millimetre computers that will eventually have the ability to move around, communicate with each others, change colour, and electrostatically connect to other catoms to form different shapes. The forms made up of catoms could morph into nearly any object, even replicas of human beings for virtual meetings. Programmable matter: Any physical substance whose properties (or apparent properties) can be adjusted precisely and repeatedly through electrical or optical stimulation may be referred to as programmable matter. Programmable matter is an ensemble of material that contains sufficient local computation, actuation, storage, energy, sensing and communication, which can be programmed to form different dynamic shapes and configurations. Catoms will be so small that electric forces will be more important than gravity so they re using helium filled cubes to test how catoms will work when gravity is no longer the dominate force. Programmers have to create a system where catoms can communicate wirelessly over relatively long ranges and with little power. In a single cubic meter, there could be a billion catoms. That means a billion computers trying to talk to each other and move themselves to form a shape. It s a daunting task but it s helped by a great concept known as fungibility anything which is fungible, not only is twice as many twice as useful, its half as many is half as useful. Right now, computers are not fungible. With programmable matter, they would be. That same cubic meter of a billion catoms is essentially a network of a billion computers. That s a lot of computational power more than enough to organize it into different shapes. And if the computer was separated into sections, the overall computing power would still be the same. Programmable matter and fungible computers will allow you to pour out as much computer as you need to solve a problem. The amount of computational strength you need would be matched by a physical quantity in the real world. claytronics - Meghana G - 10-04-2017 [attachment=6446] CLAYTRONICS A Presentation by: DEBAHUTI PATI , 0701106010, 7th SEM, I&E CET,BBSR What is CLAYTRONICS?? An ongoing project by CARNEGIE MELLON University and INTEL. A form of Programmable matter. Also known as Dynamic Physical Rendering . A combination of modular robotics, nanotechnology and computer science. Consists of nanoscale robots called catoms Described as An ensemble of material that contains sufficient local computation, actuation, storage, energy, sensing and communication which can be programmed to form interesting dynamic shapes and configuration . Based on the MOORE S LAW. claytronics - indrajeet - 10-04-2017 An abstract future concept that combines nanoscale robotics and computer science to create individual nanometer-scale computers called claytronic atoms, or catoms, which can interact with each other to form tangible 3-D objects that a user can interact with is commonly known as claytronics. for more details, please visit http://en.wikipediawiki/Claytronics claytronics - vikrant kr. dubey - 10-04-2017 i have a presentation on claytronics in a few days. 2days to be exact. there is a lot of info on the internet but could you please let me know if there is a PPT on claytronics already done. that would help me a ton. claytronics - nihar.358 - 10-04-2017 hi you can see these pages to get the details on claytronics http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-claytronics http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-claytronics?page=2 http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-cl..ics--12082 claytronics - prateet - 10-04-2017 please go through the following thread for more details on claytronics. http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-claytronics http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-claytronics--12082 claytronics - pratz - 10-04-2017 Hi, visit these threads for the info on claytronics: http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-claytronics http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-claytronics--12082 claytronics - nandu r s - 10-04-2017 hi can any one send me full project report on claytronics hi can any one send me full project report on claytronics claytronics - jasdeepk - 10-04-2017 I am Juliet Lopez,M.C.A student.I want seminar report on the topic claytronics.I don't know anything about this topic. |