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Application of ZigBee for Pollution Monitoring Caused by Automobile Exhaust Gases - dreamdevil369 - 10-04-2017 Application of ZigBee for Pollution Monitoring Caused by Automobile [attachment=201] INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Networks and intelligent wireless systems have successfully been applied in many situations including habitat monitoring, environmental monitoring, structural health monitoring, water and oil and gas pipelines, agriculture, active volcano monitoring, industrial control systems, process control systems such as the pulp and paper industries, mineral processing plants, road traffic control systems, food and chemical plants, and many others [1], [2], [3], [4]. The technical suitability and necessary requirements for wireless technologies for hazardous environments have been discussed in a number of publications, which indicate that although the wireless technology is ready in such applications, there still is a room for improvement of open standards particularly for industrial wireless sensor networks [5], [6]. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND THE RESULTS Gas sensor array together with wireless communication system has been applied for monitoring of exhaust gasses on a total of 11 types of automobiles. The automobiles had been selected from different ages and different manufacturers and models. Many tests had been conducted by using the gas sensor array located about 50 cm away from the exhaust opening. The automobiles were working idle during the measurements and all the tests had identical experimental procedure. To minimize the effect of the engine temperature on the combustion of the fuel, each automobile had been driven for at least 10 minutes before the tests. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The emissions of gases in different tests conducted on different automobiles of different ages and models have ranged widely, particularly for levels of ambient oxygen and carbon monoxide. In different tests it was noted that the carbon monoxide level varied from 6 ppm to 1100 ppm. Similarly, hydrogen sulfide level changed from 6 ppm up to 175 ppm and methane level has changed from 1 LEL to 70 LEL. Tests also reveal that there is a notable difference of the emissions of gases between the unleaded petrol and the natural gas. CONCLUSIONS Gases emanated from automobile exhausts have been motored by using gas sensor arrays. Information from the sensors has been transmitted by ZigBee to a central computer. Analysis revealed that automobiles operating on natural gas fuels have much less emissions as compared to unleaded and premium unleaded fuels. Results indicate that unleaded fuel and premium unleaded fuel can have significant impact on the environment conditions for their high levels of emissions. |