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Novel Mobile Network Service for Road Safety - srav.kum.1010 - 10-04-2017 Novel Mobile Network Service for Road Safety [attachment=106] I. Introduction In most of the developing countries, mobile penetration is strongly correlated with economic growth and social benefits. New mobile devices, services and applications were developed. The whole computing and communication paradigms were shifted to mobile domain. The area of Mobile Computing there is considerable research work done in the field over the past one decade. There are research work on Ad hoc network protocols, communication, computing techniques such as application environment, computing methods etc., Mobile computing leads to create new awareness to researches such as Nomadic computing, pervasive computing, sensor networks etc., The development of Mobile technology only based on communication. The mobile user has communicating with other mobile user. They are getting services from the fixed stations like railway reservation, air ticket and booking hotels etc., The social issues like Highway road information, hospital information, ambulance information, Doctors information, Police station information, location tracing of a particular place, location identification and terrorist information are not available. The limited numbers of mobile applications are available. In these social issues, location tracking is very important concept due to the highways accident. Now a day, highway accidents are quit natural and increased the highway death. In the modern world, nobody can help the accident people. They are helpless and their accident information may reach to the Police or Ambulance in a late hours. 1.1 Accidental Deaths in India The incidence of accidental deaths has shown a mixed trend during the decade 1995-2005 with an increase of over 32.2 percent in the year 2005 as compared to 1995. The population growth during the corresponding period was 20.4 percent whereas the increase in the rate of accidental deaths during the same period was 9.9 percent. The total of 2, 94,175 accidental deaths were reported in the country during 2005. Correspondingly, 1.6 percent increase in the population and 4.7 percent increase in the rate of Accidental Deaths were reported. 2,71,760 (92.4%) deaths were due to unnatural causes and the rest 7.6% deaths (22,415) were due to causes attributable to nature, out of total 2,94,175 accidental deaths during the year 2005. 1.2. Mobility Mobility is the most significant feature of mobile nodes in certain applications such as cellular networks, vehicle traffic navigation systems, road safety etc., In order to model the mobility of mobile nodes, different approaches have been developed. The location information of the mobile systems is used to either verify whether mobile nodes are within the boundary of some local zone or to find out the next possible course of movement in some mobile systems. However, very little research effort has been made on extracting the location information in the presence of a node collision. Such information is very significant in the area of road safety, disaster management and similar applications where a quick and accurate location data is vital. The problem of location extraction of mobile nodes on a fixed mobile interaction frame work is taken for investigation. The second section has the related works of the proposed model are exploited. The third section has the Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications 832 Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 831-840 (2011) mathematical concepts used in the proposed model are explained. The proposed Mobile network architecture model is described in the section four. In the fifth section, the evaluation of the proposed architecture is explained. 2. Utilities-based on authentication The Mobile nodes and the Fixed stations (FS) having transceiver. The performance of the Transceiver is increased by the algorithm that is available in the reference An iterative algorithm for High Performance Transceiver [1]. The idea behind the connection between the Mobile node and FS is a New Technology for AD-Hoc interconnections between Hand-Held Terminals and Smart Objects. This technology has been found in the Literature Micro power IR Tag A new technology for Ad-Hoc interconnection between the Hand Held Terminals and Smart Objects [2]. This paper prescribed in the smart object conference, France at 2003. Almost all the systems for location tracking depend on customized hardware. A very few are systems based on software. A pure software based location tracing system is defined as WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) which is present in the literature WLAN Tracker: Location Tracking and location based services in Wireless LANs [1],[3] by Can Komar and Cem Ersoy Wireless networking-Tele communication , Newage The realistic mobility model is available in the paper Towards Realistic Mobility Models for Mobile Ad hoc Networks [4] The Shortest Path between the Mobile nodes and the FS can be calculated by using CPM technology. But some special algorithm is used in the Project [5] Fast shortest path algorithm for Road Network and implementation Carl eton University, Honors Project 2005, Liang Dai. 3. Mathematical Approach Various mathematical concepts are utilized. Basically, in the mobile ad hoc network design, the network is formed as a two dimensional graph. The characteristics of the network are bounded and the boundaries are well defined. The Network paths are defined. The mobility of the mobile nodes are utilizing the mathematical queuing theory[6]. That is the entry of the mobile nodes in to the ad hoc network is Poisson distribution. Mathematically, the Fixed stations are considered as a Service channels and the service discipline as Exponential distribution. In the mobility of the mobile nodes any collision occurs, then the shortest path between the fixed station and the mobile node is calculated using the mathematical method called critical path method. 3.1. Role of the Poisson and Exponential Distribution In queuing situation, the number of arrivals and departures (after served) during an interval of time is controlled by the following conditions. Condition 1 The Probability of an event (arrival or departure) occurring between times t and t+h depends only on the length of h meaning that the probability does not depend on either the number of events that occur up to time t or the specific value of T. Condition 2: The probability of an event occurring during a very small time interval h is positive but less than 1 Condition 3: At most one event can occur during a very small time interval h. The implication of these conditions can be studied by deriving mathematically the probability of n events occurring during a time interval t. Let Pn(t) be the probability of n events occurring during time t. 3.2. CPM - Critical Path Method fig. 1 Network Model This method follows a solution strategy very similar to the dynamic programming; however there is a variation which occurs due to the fact that a network need not be structured as a sequence of stages. It also has a starting node and works by computing 'flag values' for the nodes, however for CPM problems, the flag values represent the longest time to each node, and the nodes in the network may be processed in any sequence so long as all preceding nodes have flags at each step. The arcs are always directed, for 'activity on arc' and for 'activity on node'. since a precedence relation states that one activity must be complete before another begins. But the possibility of concurrent activities means that there will usually be many paths through the network, and the longest of these is called the critical path since it determines the minimal duration. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications 833 Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 831-840 (2011) 4. Mobile Network Architecture Model A model of the proposed Architecture has been designed and developed with the help of the following. 1. Basic Network Model. 2. Mobility model development 3. simulations of collision 4. POS identification 5. Path identification 6. Statistics collection 4.1. Basic Network Model The Basic Network model consists of a Fixed Stations and the Mobile Nodes as shown in Fig. 1 In this network, the mobile nodes communicate with the Fixed Station wirelessly. These networks are extremely flexible, Selfconfigurable and they do not require the deployment of any infrastructure for their operation 4.1.1. Characteristics of Fixed Station The Fixed station has a high performance transceiver. The function of transceiver is given below. A transceiver is a combination transceiver/receiver in a single package. India radio transceiver, the receiver is silenced while transmitting. An electronic switch allows the transceiver and receiver to be connected to the same antenna and prevents the transceiver output from damaging the receiver. With a transceiver of this kind, it is impossible to receive signals while transmitting. This mode is called half duplex. Transmission and reception often but not always are done on the same frequency. Some transceivers are designed to allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full duplex and requires that the transceiver and receiver operate on substantially different frequencies so the transmitted signal does not interfere with reception. Cellular and cordless telephone sets use this mode. Satellite communications networks often employ fullduplex transceivers at the surface based subscriber points. The transmitted signal is called the uplink and the received signal is called the downlink. The transceiver transmits the fixed stations identification code to the Mobile nodes. Similarly, it receives the IP address of the Mobile node which is available in the boundary of the fixed station. That is, each fixed station has a fixed range. Within the range, the transceiver signal can be transmitted. 4.1.2. Characteristics of Mobile nodes The Mobile nodes are moving around the fixed station range. The Transceiver in the Mobile node receives the signal from the fixed station and to transmit the IP address to the fixed station. The Mobile nodes address is allocated in the following method. Nodes requiring global connectivity need a globally routable IP address for to avoid other solutions like network address translation (NAT). There are basically two alternatives to the issue of address allocation. They may be assigned by a centralized entity (stateful auto configuration) or can be generated by the nodes themselves (stateless autoconfiguration). In this work centralized entity can be utilized. The fixed station has the Database server. 4.2. Mobility model development Most of the Mobility models are not realistic. The Mobile nodes are moving in a constant speed and the directions are same. The path way is straight. But in the real scenario, there are many interventions may occur when the mobile nodes moving in the path. The path way is not straight. They may curve in nature. The realistic Mobility model is available in the paper [4]. In the proposed model, the Mobility model is realistic. Since the paths are well defined, the movements of the mobile nodes are random in nature. The fixed station has a boundary to transmit the signal. 4.3. Simulations of collision The ad hoc Network with M number of FS and N number of mobile nodes are constructed in a simulation process. Each mobile node is assumed to have a direction, time and identification number while entering the range of FS. This information is sent to the FS, the mobile node also receives the information about the FS like the code of the FS and status as active or not. The above activities are done when the mobile node enters the FS range The network can be simulated arbitrarily with the help of the number of mobile nodes and the FS using predefined model characteristics. The collision is introduced at a random interval of time between the mobile nodes. The number of occurrences of collisions could be identified using various techniques. 4.4. Path Identification When the collision occurs, then immediately the mobile nodes transceiver shorted out the fixed station identification that is available in the transceiver of the Mobile node. Using the Critical Path Method, the optimal fixed stations are identified and to send the message to that fixed stations along with the mobile nodes address and the location of the mobile node. The location of mobile node can be found with the help of identification of the mobile node, time to cross the fixed station that is already recorded in the fixed station, the current fixed station range where the mobile nodes is available and the direction of the mobile node. 5. Evaluation of Proposed Architecture 5.1. Assumptions and Notations A mobile network model is chosen with the following set of assumptions. Number of fixed stations are assumed as a Police Station, having a Range and Mobile nodes as Vehicles having transceiver and the Boundary area B. Collision spots means the accident of the vehicle are introduced randomly, since the accidents between the vehicles happens without prior knowledge. Whenever the accident has occurred, the POS means the accident location information is recorded and propagated to the nearest Police station and the propagation time t is estimated. Thus the path between Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications 834 Volume: 02, Issue: 05, Pages: 831-840 (2011) each Police station and the accident location are estimated using the path finding algorithm CPM |