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Definition
Symbian OS is designed for the mobile phone environment. It addresses constraints of mobile phones by providing a framework to handle low memory situations, a power management model, and a rich software layer implementing industry standards for communications, telephony and data rendering. Even with these abundant features, Symbian OS puts no constraints on the integration of other peripheral hardware. This flexibility allows handset manufacturers to pursue innovative and original designs. Symbian OS is proven on several platforms. It started life as the operating system for the Psion series of consumer PDA products (including Series 5mx, Revo and netBook), and various adaptations by Diamond, Oregon Scientific and Ericsson. The first dedicated mobile phone incorporating Symbian OS was the Ericsson R380 Smartphone, which incorporated a flip-open keypad to reveal a touch screen display and several connected applications.
Most recently available is the Nokia 9210Communicator, a mobile phone that has a QWERTY keyboard and color display, and is fully open to third-party applications written in Java or C++. The five key points - small mobile devices, mass-market, intermittent wireless connectivity, diversity of products and an open platform for independent software developers - are the premises on which Symbian OS was designed and developed. This makes it distinct from any desktop, workstation or server operating system. This also makes Symbian OS different from embedded operating systems, or any of its competitors, which weren't designed with all these key points in mind. Symbian is committed to open standards. Symbian OS has a POSIX-compliant interface and a Sun-approved JVM, and the company is actively working with emerging standards, such as J2ME, Bluetooth, MMS, SyncML, IPv6 and WCDMA.
As well as its own developer support organization, books, papers and courses, Symbian delivers a global network of third-party competency and training centers - the Symbian Competence Centers and Symbian Training Centers. These are specifically directed at enabling other organizations and developers to take part in this new economy. Symbian has announced and implemented a strategy that will see Symbian OS running on many advanced open mobile phones. Small devices come in many shapes and sizes, each addressing distinct target markets that have different requirements. The market segment we are interested in is that of the mobile phone. The primary requirement of this market segment is that all products are great phones. This segment spans voice-centric phones with information capability to information-centric devices with voice capability. These advanced mobile phones integrate fully-featured personal digital assistant (PDA) capabilities with those of a traditional mobile phone in a single unit.
There are several critical factors for the need of operating systems in this market. It is important to look at the mobile phone market in isolation. It has specific needs that make it unlike markets for PCs or fixed domestic appliances. Scaling down a PC operating system, or bolting communication capabilities onto a small and basic operating system, results in too many fundamental compromises. Symbian believes that the mobile phone market has five key characteristics that make it unique, and result in the need for a specifically designed operating system:
1) mobile phones are both small and mobile.
2) mobile phones are ubiquitous - they target a mass-market of consumer, enterprise and professional users.
3) mobile phones are occasionally connected - they can be used when connected to the wireless phone network, locally to other devices, or on their own.
4) manufacturers need to differentiate their products in order to innovate and compete in a fast-evolving market.
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SYMBIAN OS
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INTRODUCTION
Just like PCs have an operating system like Windows, Symbian is the O.S for mobile phones. But unlike PC design, mobile phone put constrains on a suitable O.S. The operating system has to have a low memory footprint, and low dynamic memory usage, and efficient power management framework and real time support for communication and telephony protocols. Symbian OS is designed for the mobile phone environment .It addresses constraints of mobile phones by providing a framework to handle low memory situations, a power management., and a rich software layer implementing industry standards for communication , telephony and data rendering .
EVOLUTION
Symbian OS development was a joint venture of world s leading mobile phone companies like Nokia , Ericsson and Motorola . After the introduction of first generation mobile phones, these companies realized that adding new functionalities to their handsets was a key market sector. Thus back in 1998, they jointly developed an operating system suited for mobile phone environment.
CPU CORE
Central to data enabled mobile phones is a fast, low power, low cost CPU core, which has a compact code and can be highly integrated with peripherals .The family of ARM architecture RISC processors are usually used .The CPU core has a memory management unit (MMU) for efficient usage of valuable memory space, and a cache for speedy access of data. The CPU core must be capable of operating in various privileged access modes to handle interrupts and exceptions .It is here, all the logic calculations and decisions are being carried out.
SYSTEM ON CHIP (SoC)
The CPU core is placed in an SoC . SoC also contains timers, interrupt controllers, DMA controllers and other vital peripherals for the effective functioning of phone operating system.These SoCs are often commercially available and are some times custom build by handset manufacturers . Some of the SoCs developed by Intel are Intel strong ARM processor series and Intel X-scale series.
PHONE PCB
Phone PCB is the motherboard of mobile. The system on chip (SoC) is placed in the phone PCB. The I\O systems like LCD , keypad , audio codec , radio , etc. are connected to this PCB. It also contains some memory.
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INTRODUCTION
This paper presents an Operating system for mobiles, Symbian OS. It is widely used in mobiles. It was designed as part of a joined effort by all mobile manufacturers. A natural language interface is not limited spatially, and thus can accommodate more information in one place. Second, people like to use natural language. Third, a natural language interface for the web can support voice input more easily. When people speak, they want to use natural language. Processing the natural language for filling out forms by spotting field values and using statistical approaches for disambiguating field value meanings. More specifically, a field value is a word or phrase that can be used as a value of a field in a form. the field values for the field departure city may be Los Angeles, New York, or San Francisco. a natural language user input, if each field value s corresponding field can be determined, then the form can be filled out. Consider the user input, find me a flight from Los Angeles to New York. The field values, shown in italics, are Los Angeles and New York for the form of figure 1. If the system knows which field value corresponds to which field in the form, the form can be properly filled out. In this case, Los Angeles belongs to the departure city field and New York to the arrival city field. The field to which a field value belongs to is the field value s meaning. Because a given field value may have multiple meanings within a given domain, the field value must be disambiguated based on the lexical context in which it is used. Each field value will be associated with a list of possible meanings and statistical methods will be used to rank this list of possible meanings.
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Symbian OS is a robust multi-tasking operating system, designed specifically for real-world wireless environments and the constraints of mobile phones (including limited amount of memory). Symbian OS is natively IP-based, with fully integrated communications and messaging. It supports all the leading industry standards that will be essential for this generation of data-enabled mobile phones. Symbian OS enables a large community of developers. The open platform allows the installation of third party software to further enhance the platform.Symbian OS is the open, standard operating system. It is designed for the specific requirements of data-enabled 2G, 2.5G and 3G mobile phones. Symbian OS includes a robust multi-tasking kernel, integrated telephony support, communications protocols, data management, advanced graphics support, a low-level graphical user interface framework and a variety of applications.
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