rk rajput manufacturing technology 2 pdf

[rajeshwari.p.hunachannavar]

Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers, who then sell them to end users and consumers.
Manufacturing takes turns under all types of economic systems. In a free market economy, manufacturing is usually directed toward the mass production of products for sale to consumers at a profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by the state to supply a centrally planned economy. In mixed market economies, manufacturing occurs under some degree of government regulation.
Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required for the production and integration of a product's components. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication instead.
The manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and industrial design. Examples of major manufacturers in North America include General Motors Corporation, General Electric, Procter & Gamble, General Dynamics, Boeing, Pfizer, and Precision Castparts. Examples in Europe include Volkswagen Group, Siemens, and Michelin. Examples in Asia include Sony, Huawei, Lenovo, Toyota, Samsung, and Bridgestone.

Economics of manufacturing

According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth-producing sector of a country, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth-consuming.[1][2] Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense.
On the other hand, most manufacturing may involve significant social and environmental costs. The clean-up costs of hazardous waste, for example, may outweigh the benefits of a product that creates it. Hazardous materials may expose workers to health risks. These costs are now well known and there is effort to address them by improving efficiency, reducing waste, using industrial symbiosis, and eliminating harmful chemicals.[3] The increased use of technologies such as 3D printing also offer the potential to reduce the environmental impact of producing finished goods through distributed manufacturing.[4]
The negative costs of manufacturing can also be addressed legally. Developed countries regulate manufacturing activity with labor laws and environmental laws. Across the globe, manufacturers can be subject to regulations and pollution taxes to offset the environmental costs of manufacturing activities. Labor unions and craft guilds have played a historic role in the negotiation of worker rights and wages. Environment laws and labor protections that are available in developed nations may not be available in the third world. Tort law and product liability impose additional costs on manufacturing. These are significant dynamics in the ongoing process, occurring over the last few decades, of manufacture-based industries relocating operations to "developing-world" economies where the costs of production are significantly lower than in "developed-world" economies.

[musthu]

Manufacturing technology provides the tools that enable production of all manufactured goods. These master tools of industry magnify the effort of individual workers and give an industrial nation the power to turn raw materials into the affordable, quality goods essential to today s society. In short, we make modern life possible.

Manufacturing technology provides the productive tools that power a growing, stable economy and a rising standard of living. These tools create the means to provide an effective national defense. They make possible modern communications, affordable agricultural products, efficient transportation, innovative medical procedures, space exploration.. and the everyday conveniences we take for granted.

Production tools include machine tools and other related equipment and their accessories and tooling. Machine tools are non-portable, power-driven manufacturing machinery and systems used to perform specific operations on man-made materials to produce durable goods or components. Related technologies include Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) as well as assembly and test systems to create a final product or subassembly.

manufacturing technology
Manufacturing Technology Products
Typical manufacturing technologies include:


Software Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM), Computer Numerical Control (CNC), Direct Numerical Control (DNC), Programmable Logic Control (PLC), Numerical Control (NC), program optimization software, and systems integration software.

Material Removal Turning, milling, drilling, grinding, tapping, electrical discharge machines (EDM), broaching, sawing, water jet cutting equipment, and laser process equipment.

CNC Manufacturing TechnologyMaterial Forming Stamping, bending, joining, hydro-forming, presses, shearing, cold and hot forming equipment.

Additive Processes 3D printing, laser sintering, and rapid prototyping equipment.

Workholding Chucks, fixtures, clamps, blocks, angle plates, and tooling columns.

Tooling Drills, taps, reamers, boring bars, dies, punches, and grinding wheels.

Material Handling Conveyors, automated wire guided vehicles, die handling equipment, robots, pallet changers, and bar feed equipment.

Automated Systems Transfer machines, assembly systems, automated systems and cells, and Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).


Technology Initiatives

Through the MTConnect initiative, AMT is addressing the need for a software/hardware platform that facilitates exchange of information between shop-floor equipment, data analysis software, and monitoring systems. MTConnect is a lightweight, open and extensible protocol and data representation to allow the exchange of dynamic sensor data, configuration data, and control information among MTConnect-compliant machines, software applications and controllers.

AMT embarked to find the greatest challenges and the latest R&D discoveries in industry today. Tech Trends is the next step of this new endeavor to disseminate the vast amounts of information relating to advancements in the manufacturing technology industry. It provides information on trends in manufacturing technology from three perspectives: newly accepted production technologies, greatest needs and challenges still remaining, and areas of interest within R&D.

[soumyakanta biswal]

"A Textbook of Manufacturing Technology" (Manufacturing Processes) has been written for students preparing for B.E./B.Tech., A.M.I.E and competitive examinations. It consists of 26 chapters in all, covering the various topics systematically and exhaustively.

Salient Features:
The presentation of the subject matter is very systematic and the language of text is lucid, direct and easy to understand.
Each chapter of the book is saturated with much needed text supported by neat and self-explanatory diagrams to make the subject matter self-speaking to a great extent.
A large number of solved examples, properly graded, have been added in various chapters to enable the students to attempt different types of questions in the examination without any difficulty.
At the end of each chapter "Questions with Answers", Highlights, Objective Type Questions, Theoretical Questions and Unsolved Examples have been added to make the book a complete unit in all respects.

[sonal]

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