08-16-2017, 09:14 PM
. , , , , .
(1986) " , , , ."
:
, .
' ' 'Oekologue' :
( ) 'Oikos'
( ) ' ' '
:
1. .
2. .
3. abiotic . Biogeochemical .
:
organisms . .
:
(1971) , :
( ) .
( ) .
( ) .
( ) .
( ) .
( ) .
, :
( ) , .
( ) , , - . .
( ) , .
( ) , .
( ) .
( ) .
, .
( ) :
( , , ) , organisms .
( ) :
deleterious .
( ) :
Enterprise , , . .
, , , , , , ,
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
, , 6 .
:
, , .
, , .
, , , . , BSI, ZSI, Wii ( , 1982) ( , 1916 ) ( , 1890 ) , .