Automatic room light controller with counter

[Abhi]

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Automatic room light controller with counter
INTRODUCTION :
The dawn of 1971 brought along itself one of the greatest inventions of the era Intel 4004. A 4-Bit microprocessor. This paved way for the world s first microcontroller Intel 8048. which was unveiled in 1975. A 4- bit C with both ROM and RAM integrated on the chip. In Nutshell the first single chip computer was developed. Successive developments thereafter led to enormous automation. Most important of the lot being Intel 8051 launched in 1980.
P v/s C Microprocessor
No on chip RAM , ROM, I/O, Timer, serial port.
Used in general purpose applications
No storage facility
Microcontroller
Contains on chip RAM , ROM, I/O, Timer, Serial Port, .
Specific purpose applications.
Provides data storage facility.
The most famous being 8-Bit 8051 family.
The 8051 microcontroller
Features:
It provides many functions (CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, interrupt logic, timer, etc.) in a single package
8-bit ALU, Accumulator and Registers; hence it is an 8-bit microcontroller
8-bit data bus - It can access 8 bits of data in one operation
16-bit address bus - It can access 216 memory locations - 64 kB (65536 locations) each of RAM and ROM
On-chip RAM - 128 bytes (data memory)
On-chip ROM - 4 kb (program memory)
Four byte bi-directional input/output port
Two 16-bit Counter/timers
Six interrupts
32 I/O
Pin Diagram of 8051
The Project: Automatic Room Light Controller With Counter
Introduction:
*We are facing the worst power crisis and this seems to only agonize in near future. The need of the hour is sustainable development.
*Embedded technology can be used to save time, energy and that too in an ergonomic and economical manner.
*In March 2009, the required power capacity of India stood at 147,000MW which is expected to cross 950,000 MW by 2030.
* In order to cope up with the growing need we as individuals can save energy at situations where it can be avoided. Embedded tech provides us with systems which switch off the appliance when no one is present.
Block Diagram:
Circuit diagram:
Project picture
Components used (in brief):
Sensors(opto couplers):
A common implementation is a LED and a phototransistor in a light-tight housing to exclude ambient light and without common electrical connection, positioned so that light from the LED will impinge on the photodetector. When an electrical signal is applied to the input of the opto-isolator, its LED lights and illuminates the photodetector, producing a corresponding electrical signal in the output circuit. Two opto s are used here. One acts on the incoming object and the other one acts upon the outgoing object
Relay( Automatic switching )
A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts.
Seven segment display:
The image on the right is your typical seven segment display with each of the segments labeled with the letters A through G. To display digits on these displays you turn on some of the LEDs. For example, when you illuminate segments B and C for example your eye perceives it as looking like the number "1." Light up A, B, and C and you will see what looks like a "7."
For the hexadecimal digits A-F, you can do what looks like A, b, C, d, E, and F. Both B and D are lower case because they would otherwise be indistinguishable from 8 and 0 respectively.