10-04-2017, 07:56 PM
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SMART CAMERA FOR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE
PRESENTED BY
ADARSH VIMAL.B
ROLL NO:2
S7 CS
INTRODUCTION
Smart camera- integration of advanced image sensors and high performance processors.
Must be implemented as an embedded system.
Mounted in tunnels and aside highways.
Electric power supplied by power socket or solar panels.
Smart camera delivers better video quality and video analysis results.
Captures images and videos and processes them.
Transfers the video stream via a network.
Offer flexible video transmission.
REQUIREMENTS
Smart camera is comprised of
Sensor
Processing unit
Communication unit
Sensor requirements
High dynamic range and little blur
High resolution
Maximum frame rate
CMOS sensor
Processing requirements
Video compression
Video analysis
Computation of traffic statistics
Camera control and firmware
Video compression
Video should be compressed.
Video analysis
Extracts an abstract scene from the raw data.
If any situation detected, alarm is triggered.
Computation of traffic statistics
Computed out of video stream.
Camera control and firmware
Control aperture and flash control and the firmware.
Communication requirements
Compressed video and video analysis are transferred to control station.
Besides data upload it should also support data download.
System requirements
Low power consumption
Low heat dissipation
Timing constraints should be correct.
ARCHITECTURE
Divided into three parts
Video sensor
Processing unit
Communication unit
Video sensor
First stage in overall data flow.
CMOS sensor is used.
Processing unit
Second stage in overall data flow.
Performance requirements are fulfilled with digital signal processors(DSP) which are loosely coupled.
Each processor connected to its own local memory.
DSP s external memory capacity between 8mb and 256mb.
Communication unit
Final stage in overall data flow.
Processing unit transfers data to the communication unit via generic interface.
Flashes, pan-tilt zoom heads and dome are controlled by this unit.
Low power considerations
Dynamic power management(DPM)
Individual components can be switched to different power modes during runtime.
The commands to change the components power modes are issued by a central Power Manager (PM).
In order to decide which command to issue the PM must have knowledge about the system s workload.
In the smart camera the PM is located in the OS kernel of the host DSP.
Characteristics are stored in look-up-tables in the PM and are used as input for the PMP.
SOFTWARE
The software architecture of the smart camera is basically divided into two parts:
DSP s are configured basically to run computation tasks.
XScale processor is primarily used for system control and communication purposes.
Video compression
The advanced simple profile MPEG-4 encoding method is well-suited for traffic surveillance.
The smart camera uses HTTP to provide a flexible and user-friendly user interface.
UDP is used for multicast streaming-video transmission.
Network connection
Internet connections require the TCP/IP protocol implemented as an IP stack.
Uses protocols HTTP,FTP and UDP.
Firmware
The smart camera s firmware controls the overall system behavior, and provides interfaces and methods for different tasks .
Four basic run levels are defined by the firmware:
The normal mode
The alarm mode
The full update mode
The partial update mode
Normal mode
Video compression running quality is low.
Alarm mode
Enters this mode when an alarm mode is detected.
Quality of video stream is increased.
Full update mode
Used when the firmware is updated.
Partial update mode
Activated when a task has to be re-placed or removed from the smart camera.
ADVANTAGES
Low power consumption.
Flexible video transmission.
Noise in the video data is reduced by video computation.
Less expensive.
Smart camera is fully integrated, simple and reliable.
DISADVANTAGES
Smart camera solutions are not flexible
Usually provide limited user interface.
APPLICATIONS
Video motion detection
Detects a change in the video.
Built-in filters ignore camera vibrations and areas with constant motion.
User can define object properties and for some intrusion detection situations direction.
Static Object Detection
Offers the ability to analyze and track static (stationary) objects.
An advanced Non-isolated Object filter is useful in dynamic, congested settings.
Other applications are:
Motion analysis
Facial identification
Video surveillance for large complexes.
Video conferencing
Store/Business Surveillance - Theft Prevention/Curtailment
Door Entrance Monitoring/Video Intercoms
Observing unsupervised facility / factory.
FUTURE SCOPE
Smart camera technology will begin to enter new applications.
Applications include
security and access control markets.
In the automotive industry.
For collision avoidance, and even one day for the toy industry.
Even our automobiles may soon be outfitted with miniature eyes.
CONCLUSION
The smart camera integrates a CMOS image sensor, a processing unit featuring two high performance DSP s and a network interface. It senses and analysis the video and transfers the computed information via network, thus managing the traffic effectively. Advances in performance and integration will enable new and more functionality implemented in smart camera.