10-06-2017, 06:53 AM
BARCODES
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Introduction
A barcode represents the line of numbers printed underneath it with a pattern of black and
white bars. Barcodes are designed for computers to read quickly by scanning red LED or laser
light across them. They help in keeping tack of all the stock of products and are very easy to
use and understand.
2 Literature Survey
Barcodes these days are widely used all over the world for varoius commercial puposes and
in many elds for applications of great commercial value. Barcodes contains characters and
symbols with explicit information and keys encoded in it.
One new technology that's emerging these days is the 3D barcode technology. Ningzhong
Liu et al state that the three-dimensional bar code combines the variety of widths, the variety
of colors and a vertical array to provide signi cantly more information content. They describe
a method of designing and analysing 3D barodes easily, starting with basic 1D barcodes. This
gives us great indepth information about Barcodes in general.
Kongqiao Wang et al mention ways to read a barcode using Nokia phone cameras which
helps us to understand more in detail about the structure of the all the Barcodes in general.
Ender Tekin et all propose a Bayesian Algorithm that can be used to read distorted Barcodes
that might have been tampered with. This paper also gives a detailed overview about the basic
structure of Barcodes includind the UPC-A code.
3.1 Why do we need Barcodes?
Using barcode technology in stores can help to solve all a lot of problems. It lets you keep a
centralized record on a computer system that tracks products, prices, and stock levels. The
prices can be changed at anytime without having to put new price tags on all the bottles and
boxes. We can instantly see when stock levels of certain items are running low and reorder.
Because barcode technology is so accurate, we can be reasonably con dent that any items that
are missing (and don't appear to have been sold) have probably been stolen-and maybe move
them to a more secure part of the store or protect them with RFID tags.
3.2 What is Barcode based stock system?
A barcode-based stock system has three main parts. First, there's a central computer running
a database (record system) that keeps a tally of all the products you're selling, who makes it,
what each one costs, and how many you have in stock. Second there are the barcodes that are
printed on products. Finally, there's one or more checkout scanners that can read the barcodes.
3.3 How Barcodes represent the numbers 0-9?
The Uniform Code Council (UCC) generates bar codes known as Universal Product Codes
(UPCs) for product identi cation. Bar codes keep track of inventory and pricing. Manually
reading bar codes is possible when you understand what the numbers represent.
A barcode is a really simple idea: give every item that you want to classify its own, unique
number and then simply print the number on the item so an electronic scanning device can
read it. We could simply print the number itself, but the trouble with decimal numbers is that
they're easy to confuse (a misprinted eight could look like a three to a computer, while six is
identical to nine if you turn it upside down-which could cause all sorts of chaos at the checkout
if you scanned your corn
akes the wrong way up). What is really need is a completely reliable
way of printing numbers so that they can be read very accurately at high speeds. That's the
problem that barcodes solve.