08-16-2017, 10:07 PM
[attachment=7356]
Presented by:
SUBHASHIS SARKAR & ABHINAV ANKUR
Tidal Energy
ABSTRACT:-
This work illustrate an aproach to the study of labeling tidal energy . paper presents the at most use of the tidal energy as a source of power generation. As we know our fuels are vanishing fastly due to its rapid utilization. It is shown in the paper that how we can produce maximum amount of tidal energy out of the normal tides, and which we can use for our house also. The paper tells about which parts in the world we can use it efficiently and about its advantages and disadvantages. At last but not the least here have proposed one model house for usage of tidal energy directly and utilizing the waste coastal areas.
KEYWORDS:-
Helical turbine, energy production system (EPS)
INTRODUCTION:-
Efforts to create tidal energy date back to the eleventh century where England used tides to turn waterwheels to generate mechanical power. The planet s surface is composed of approximately 75% water and there is a lot of potential for energy production. Flowing tidal waters have a vast amount of potential energy; an estimate for potential energy worldwide can be as high as 3000 gigawatts (GW) of energy, which is continuously available from the action of the tides (Baird, 1993). To produce that amount of energy would end the United States dependence on fossil fuels, but do to constraints of the tidal energy process only about 2% or 60 GW can be converted to electricity. The constraints of tidal energy are due to the process in which tidal energy is created. And as we know that the fuels and coals are finishing rapidly we need to have a alternative and the better alternative source for it is TIDAL ENERGY.
Tidal Energy is sustainable, clean, reliable, widely distributed, and can offer significant benefits to many marine nations. Tidal Energy can be captured in an efficient
and cost-effective way. Tidal Energy is not yet recognized by India as an energy resource that should receive support and funding for its development. Tidal Energy is a clean, renewable source of energy--such as solar, wind, biofuels, and low-head hydro-- and deserves official international support and funding for its development.
In this paper it s shown that where we can use this source of energy efficiently. And some special equipment and turbine has been used for getting the efficient amount of tidal energy. In this paper it will be seen that how the tidal energy is the cheapest sources of energy.
A house has been proposed which can be used in the coastal areas and some river coast also. Which can be run fully by tidal energy and some additional sources of energy has also been including if necessary like wind energy. Is house can be made near the coastal area due to this the tidal energy can be utilized directly near the sea coast and rivers. Each of the houses will be having its own EPS (energy producing system). By this way we can utilize the vast unused area of sea coast in India and the whole world, as we know that the maximum part of the coastal region is empty and is wasted.
The use of tidal energy as a major source of energy is already implemented in many parts of south Asian countries like in Korea Indonesia, and also some south American countries like near the mouth of Amazon.
THE CURRENT SITUATION
Tidal Energy is sustainable, clean, reliable, widely distributed, and can offer significant benefits to many marine nations. Tidal Energy can be captured in an efficient
and cost-effective way. Tidal Energy is not yet recognized by the United Nations as an energy resource that should receive support and funding for its development. Tidal Energy is a clean, renewable source of energy--such as solar, wind, biofuels, and low-head hydro-- and deserves official international support and funding for its development.
Developing Nations that could receive significant benefits from Tidal Energy
Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles.
Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam.
Pacific Ocean: Fiji, Kiribati, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.
Central and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador,
Guyana, Panama, and Surinam.
Atlantic Ocean: Cape Verde.
How is tidal energy made?
Tidal energy is made by creating a dam, also called a barrage, across the opening to a tidal basin or estuary (U.S. DOE, 2003). The tides rise and recede due to the gravitational pull that is exerted on the earth by the moon and sun. The high and low tides are created when the sun and moon s gravitational pull are parallel to each other. When the high and low tides occur there is the greatest potential to turn potential energy into kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is produced by allowing the gates, or sluice, on both sides of the barrage to open and allow the water to flow through a turbine, which then produces energy for electricity. This event takes place twice daily to allow energy to be generated; this process is very similar to hydroelectric technology used throughout the world.
What are the environmental impacts of using tidal energy?
Many scientists agree that there is a lack of knowledge when dealing with how changing of the tides will affect aquatic and shoreline ecosystems. There is a prediction that the building of tidal barrages in estuaries will affect tidal levels, as well as having an effect on sedimentation and turbidity in the water within the basins. The problem is that it is hard to predict how tidal barrages will there is an estimated decrease of 15 cm to the tidal level if a barrage was built in the Bay of Fundy in Canada (Baird, 1993). On the contrary, if there would be an increase in tidal levels it would lead to flooding in the water basins. Stuard Baird and Dr. Hay hoe for Energy Educators of Ontario feel to increase our knowledge about how tidal barrages affect ecosystems may be the study of the effects after such facilities have been built (Baird, 1993).affect tidal levels (O Mara, 1999). By building barrages it can either lower or raise the tidal level, for example
Another environmental impact on aquatic ecosystems by building barrages is how tidal stations will affect plants and animals living in the basins. The barrages will restrict these aquatic organisms movements and no longer allow them to move with the tides. The only way to leave these areas is through the flow of water through a turbine, which will destroy most organisms.
Open water turbines have environmental impacts as well; figure 3 shows that there is no protection for organisms crossing these turbines. It looks like there will be a lot of organisms harmed by the blades of the turbine if there is no protection from them.
Listed above are the negative environmental impacts that are associated with tidal energy, but there are some very positive environmental impacts dealing with tidal power as well. There are no emissions or pollution associated with tidal energy, unlike the burning of fossil fuels. Tidal energy will help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels for energy and will provide a renewable resource for the future. Tidal energy will help reduce and even prevent many of the environmental problems that we face today.
Future benefits of tidal energy?
The future of tidal energy seems to be leaning towards open water turbines; which by not using a barrage, tidal energy does not have the initial upfront costs of building the damn and avoids some of the environmental impacts that are associated with barrages. Blue Energy Canada, Inc. has started using technology know as a vertical-axis tidal turbine to collect energy from ocean currents. This technology is supposed to get one hundred and ninety times the kWh per unit of fluid value of wind power (Maser, 2004). Also, Dr. Bahaj of the University of Southampton, reports for the Sustainable Energy Research Group that they estimate that tidal turbines have the potential, for the races of the Channel Islands site, to produce the same amount of electricity as three Sizewell B nuclear power stations (equal to 3GW) (Maser, 2004).
Also, a 2002 feasibility report on tidal current energy in British Columbia by Triton Consultants for BC Hydro stated, Future energy costs are expected to reduce considerably as both existing and new technologies are developed over the next few years. Assuming that maximum currents larger than 3.5 m/s can be exploited and present design developments continue, it is estimated that future tidal current energy costs between $.05 and $.07 per kWh are achievable (Maser, 2004).
Tidal energy should be focused on for the next alternative fuel source, it is a renewable energy source with many potential benefits. There are many sites worldwide that can use the barrage and open water turbine processes. There is already a 240 MW barrage style tidal power station located at the mouth of the La Rance river estuary on the northern coast of France. The La Rance tidal power station has been generating electricity since 1966 and has become a very reliable source of electricity for France.
The open water turbines that use tidal currents to move their propellers show a lot of potential, and reduce some of the costs and environmental risks associated with tidal power using barrages. Even though there are some environmental impacts of concern for tidal energy these impacts are much smaller than the impacts and pollution seen from using fossil fuels and nuclear power. Tidal power will not be able to support all of our energy demands, but it will be a valuable source of renewable energy. If developed correctly tidal power can become the primary provider for our future energy requirements.