09-02-2017, 11:17 AM
Direct & Indirect Speech
*ഒരു വാചകത്തെ രണ്ടു രീതിയിൽ Report ചെയ്യാം
1.ഒരാൾ പറഞ്ഞ കാര്യം അതേ രീതിയിൽ പറയുന്ന രീതിയാണ്
Ans : Direct speech
Eg :She said, “I am Writing a novel’’
2.എന്നാൽ ഒരാൾ പറഞ്ഞ കാര്യം നമ്മുടെ വാക്കുകൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ചു പറയുന്ന രീതിയാണ് ‘Indirect Speech’/Reported speech
Eg: She said that she was writing a novel
Direct Speech നെ Indirect Speechലേക്ക് മാറ്റുമ്പോൾ ഉണ്ടാകുന്ന changes എന്താന്നെന്ന് നോക്കാം .
Changing Statement Sentence into Indirect Speech
*Statement sentence നെ report ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ reporting verb ന് ശേഷം ‘that’ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു .
*അനുയോജ്യമായ pronouns ഉപയോഗിക്കണം.
eg. He said, "I drive the car" (Direct)
He said that he drove the car ((Indirect)
She said, "My husband is writing a letter (Direct)
She said that her husband was writing a letter(Indirect).
He said to me “you are doing well.
He told me that I was doing well.
* ഒരു പ്രപഞ്ചസത്യത്തേയോ/ പൊതു വസ്തുത യെയോ Report
ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ Tense ന് മാറ്റം വരുന്നില്ല.
eg. The teacher said, ‘’The sun rises in the east’’(Direct)
The teacher said that the Sun rises in the east (Indirect)
Reporting verb Present simple ഓ Future simple ഓ ആയാൽ
Sentence ലെ Tense ന് മാറ്റം വരുന്നില്ല.
eg; Suma says, “I am sorry’’(Direct)
Suma says,that she is sorry (Indirect)
*Adjectives and Adverbs of time change as follows
Direct speech
This
These
Here
Hereafter
Ago
Now
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Day after tomorrow
next week
yesterday
last month
day before yesterday
Come
Thus
Indirect speech
That
those
there
There after
Before
then
that day
that night
the next day /
the following day
in two days
following week
previous day
previous month
two days before
Go
SO
He said, “I will return the money tomorrow’’
He promised that he would return the money the next day
*If the reporter is the first person (I, We) come
remains unchanged.
eg: I said to him, “you should come (Direct)
I told him that he should come (Indirect)
*Changing questions into indirect Speech
*ഒരു Interrogative sentence (ചോദ്യം)നെയാണ്
Report ചെയ്യുന്നതെങ്കിൽ asked, enquired, demanded എന്നിവ reporting verb ആയി ഉപയോഗിക്കാം