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vinod tyagi · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

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PRESENTED BY:
VISHWAS P.L
JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION , BANGALORE

4G TECHNOLOGY

OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION

EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 4G

HOW 4G WORKS

4G FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES

4G APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

INRODUCTION

An abbreviation for Fourth-Generation
A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data, streamed, multimedia can be given to users on an Anytime, Anywhere basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations.

HISTORY
1G
Analog
Continuous in amplitude and time
Variations in the signal disrupts over long distances
Simplest type to wireless data
Average between 4,800 to 9,600 bps (bits per second)

2G

Digital consists of 1s and 0s
Digital signal:
1) Low level, 2) High level, 3) Rising edge
4) Falling edge

2G contd-

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)
Deployed in mid 1991 in Europe
Benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones

IS-95 (CDMA)
Idea from military & Developed by Qualcomm
Using CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) One Frequency all the time
Several transmitters to send information simultaneously over single communication channel
2G
3G
The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by allowing video, audio, and graphics applications. Over 3G phones, you can watch streaming video or have video telephony.
3G networks deliver broadband capacity and support greater numbers of voice and data customers at lower incremental costs than 2G. Standards: - W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access - EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized
CHARACTERSTICES OF 3G
A single family of compatible standards that can be used worldwide for all mobile applications.
Support for both packet-switched and circuit-switched data transmission.
Data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility).
High spectrum efficiency

DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION
The GSM is a circuit switched, connection oriented technology, where the end systems are dedicated for the entire call session. This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and resources.
The GSM-enabled systems do not support high data rates.
They are unable to handle complex data such as video.

DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION
High bandwidth requirement.
High spectrum licensing fees.
Huge capital.

4G ANYWHERE ANYTIME
Also known as Mobile Broadband everywhere
MAGIC
Mobile Multimedia Communication
Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone
Global Mobility Support
Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Service
Theoretically, 4G is set to deliver 100mbps to a roaming mobile device globally, and up to 1Gbps to a stationary device.
According to 4G Mobile Forum, by 2010 over $400 billion would be invested in 4G mobile projects.
In India, communication Minister Mr. Dayanidhi Maran, has announced a national centre of excellence to work in 4G arena.

HOW 4G WORKS
Each node will be assigned a 4G-IP address (based on IPv6).
Formed by a permanent home IP address and a dynamic care-of address that represents its actual location.
When a device (computer) in the Internet wants to communicate with another device (cell phone) in the wireless network, the computer will send a packet to the 4G-IP address of the cell phone targeting on its home address.
HOW 4G WORKS? contd
Then a directory server on the cell phone s home network will forward this packet to the cell phone s care-of address through a tunnel, mobile IP;
The idea is that the 4G-IP address (IPv6) can carry more information than the IP address (IPv4)
IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 including 128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4. 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9 or 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001 (32 bits).
The IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like 216.37.129.9, 79.23.178.229, 65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120
HOW 4G WORKS? contd
The first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the home address . It just likes the normal IP address that we use for addressing in the Internet and network.
Second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as the care-of address . It is the address set up for the communication from cell phones to computers
The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as a tunnel (mobile IP address). An agent, a directory server, between the cell phones and PC will use this mobile IP address to establish a channel to cell phones.
The last set of IP address (192.168.5.120) can be local network address for virtual private network (VPN) sharing purpose.
4G Technology
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)
Technology that transmits data simultaneously over a large number of channels at different frequencies, enable to send an large data
Using in IEE 802.11a & g, Hiper-LAN II and IEE 820.16 BWA

4G Technology
Smart Antenna
A smart antenna system combines multiple antenna elements with a signal-processing capability
Amplify the frequency to user who wants to communicate
Can adopt to OFDM & SDR
SDR (Software Defined Radio)
From military research (SPEAKeasy Project)
SDR technology is enabling frequencies and communications methods and to be changed flexibly by means of software. It responses to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).
MBMMR forum (MultiBand ,MultiMode , Radio)
Still in research area

4G FEATURES
Transmission up to 1Gb/s
2000 times faster than mobile data rates
10 times faster than top transmission rates planned in final build out of 3G broadband mobile

Target mobility and information bit rates
2 Mbps (250 Km/h)
20 Mbps (60 Km/h)
100 Mbps (3 Km/h)
Companies developing 4G technology
Cellular phone companies: Alcatel, Nortel, Motorola,
IT Companies: Hughes ,HP ,LG Electronics

4G Application
AFTER 4G??

5G is a completed wireless communication with almost no limitation; somehow people called it REAL wireless world

5G wireless system is only theory and not real

CONCLUSION
4G is Anytime Anywhere

4G is still at research stage, available after 2010 (?)..

.. While the impact of 3G is still uncertain!

Employing the discussed techniques, 4G has a significant potential for capacity improvements over 3G systems.

Companies developing 4G technology investing about $400 billion for its projects.
More Users/subscribers due to IPV6,large space

REFERENCES

[1] UMTS Forum, Enabling UMTS / Third Generation Services and Applications , Technical Report 11, UMTS Forum, October 2000.
[2] UMTS Forum, The Path Towards UMTS Technologies for the Information Society , Technical Report 2, UMTS Forum, 1998.
[3] Watkins, D., A., Overview and Comparison of GSM, GPRS, and UMTS , Bradley Department of Electrical and Compute Engineering,
[4]MASAUM Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Vol.1, No. 2 September 2009

wikipedia.org
computergeeks.com
iee.org

junky_funky44 · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

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PRESENTED BY:
VISHWA SHAH

INTRODUCTION
Packet switched wireless system
Next Generation wireless system after 3G.

Drawbacks of 3G That covers in 4G:

Faster Transmission
More Applications
Seamless and Multiplatform
Reliability
Costs
Security

EVOLUTION
1ST GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM (In Early 1980)

2ND GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM (In Late 1980)

3rd GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM (In Late 2002 & In 2003)

4th GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM (In 2010)

TECHNOLOGY
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
Ultra Wide Radio Band
Millimeter Wireless
Smart Antennas
OFDM
Full Name- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
It s a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) scheme
utilized as a digital multi-carrier modulation method.
Capability to cancel multipath distortion in a spectrally
efficient manner
Application

ULTRA WIDE RADIO BAND
Advanced transmission technology
The secret is that it is typically detected as noise.
Not cause any interference with current radio
frequency devices
Frequency
Greater Bandwidth
Shaped noise

MILLIMETER WIRELESS
Millimeter-waves are electromagnetic waves.
Frequency
wavelength
Used to ultra high speed data transfer
Their ability is to transfer data using only very small antennas.

SMART ANTENNAS
Employed to help find, tune, and turn up signal information.
It can send signals back in the same direction that they came from.
There are two types of smart antennas:
1. Switched Beam Antennas 2. Adaptive Array Antennas

KEY DRIVERS
A multitude of diverse devices
Predominance of machine-to-machine communications
Location-dependent and e-business applications
The extension of IF protocols to mobility and range of QoS
Privacy and security
Dynamic networking and air-interfaces
Improved coverage mechanisms
Improved and dynamic spectrum usage.

FEATURES
Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet & other broadband services
IP based mobile system
High speed, high capacity & low cost per bit
Global access, service portability & scalable mobile services
Seamless switching & a variety of QoS driven services
Better scheduling & call admission control techniques
Ad hoc and multi hop networks
Better spectral efficiency
Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces
An infrastructure to handle preexisting 3G systems along with other wireless technologies, some of which are currently under development.

OBJECTIVES
Flexible channel bandwidth- 5 to 20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz
Data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, & 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions.
Peak page link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the uplink
System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink & 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage.
Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks
Seamless connectivity & global roaming across multiple networks
High quality of service for next generation multimedia support
Interoperability with existing wireless standards and all IP, packet switched network.
Femtocells

APPLICATION
Improved Bandwidth provides opportunities for previously impossible products and services to be released.
At rates of 15-30 Mbit/s, It should be able to provide users with streaming high-definition television.
At rates of 100 Mbit/s, the content of a DVD-5, for example a movie can be downloaded within about 5 minutes for offline access.
CONCLUSION
Consumers demand that software and hardware be user-friendly and perform well.
For example, If the U.S. government wants to help, the best way to help all parties is to enforce 4G wireless system as the next wireless system. The software that consumers desire is already in wide use. The transmission hardware to take it wireless is ready to go.

dipti_purnendu09 · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

The objectives of the 4G wireless communication standard:
A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site)
High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell.
A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R
A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks
Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks.
High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
Interoperability with existing wireless standards and an all IP, packet switched network.
In short, the 4G system should dynamically share and utilize network resources to meet the minimal requirements of all the 4G enabled users.
4G features
The infrastructure and the terminals of 4G will have almost all the standards from 2G to 4G implemented. Although legacy systems are in place to adopt existing users, the infrastructure for 4G will be only packet-based (all-IP). Some proposals suggest having an open Internet platform. Technologies for 4G include: Flash-OFDM, the 802.16e mobile version of WiMax (also known as WiBro in South Korea), and HC-SDMA.. 3GPP Long Term Evolution may reach the market 1 2 years after Mobile WiMax is released. An even higher speed version of WiMax is the IEE 802.16m specification. LTE Advanced will be the later evolution of the 3GPP LTE standard
Access Schemes
As the wireless standards evolved, the access techniques used also exhibited increase in efficiency, capacity and scalability. The first generation wireless standards used plain TDMA and FDMA. In the wireless channels, TDMA proved to be less efficient in handling the high data rate channels as it requires large guard periods to alleviate the multipath impact. Similarly, FDMA consumed more bandwidth for guard to avoid inter carrier interference. So in second generation systems, one set of standard used the combination of FDMA and TDMA and the other set introduced a new access scheme called CDMA. Usage of CDMA increased the system capacity and also placed a soft limit on it rather than the hard limit. Data rate is also increased as this access scheme is efficient enough to handle the multipath channel. This enabled the third generation systems to use CDMA as the access scheme IS-2000, UMTS, HSXPA, 1xEV-DO, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA. The only issue with CDMA is that it suffers from poor spectrum flexibility and scalability.
Recently, new access schemes like Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Interleaved FDMA and Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) are gaining more importance for the next generation systems. WiMax is using OFDMA in the downlink and in the uplink. For the next generation UMTS, OFDMA is being considered for the downlink. By contrast, IFDMA is being considered for the uplink since OFDMA contributes more to the PAPR related issues and results in nonlinear operation of amplifiers. IFDMA provides less power fluctuation and thus avoids amplifier issues. Similarly, MC-CDMA is in the proposal for the IEE 802.20 standard. These access schemes offer the same efficiencies as older technologies like CDMA. Apart from this, scalability and higher data rates can be achieved.
The other important advantage of the above mentioned access techniques is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantage especially in the MIMO environments since the spatial multiplexing transmission of MIMO systems inherently requires high complexity equalization at the receiver.

remo_bonde · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

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4G mobile communication seminars presentation
4G
Objectives of 4G
Principle technology used in 4g
Parameters of 4G
advantages of 4G
Difference between 3G&4G
Introduction
Fourth generation wireless system with wide area coverage and high throughput.
Any where any time multimedia
4G is a successor to 3G and 2G standards
It is going to be launched in the year 2010.
1G Technology
1G
AMPS ( Advance mobile phone system ) was first launched by US in 1980 s
the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog
Up to 2.4Kbps
1G technology which allows users to make voice calls within one country.
Access technology used is fdma

FDMA
2G technology
2G
2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched in 1991
Digital consists of 1s and 0s
Digital signal: 1) Low level, 2) High level, 3) Rising edge, and 4) Falling edge
2G
Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems
CDMA,
TDMA
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), PDC (Japan) D-AMPS(Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System)
PCS Systems
Second Generation advanced (2.5G): Combining voice and data communications
Providing enhanced data rate
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
email and web browsing
TDMA
CDMA
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications Tdma based
900-1800 MHZ freq used
SIM(subscriber identity module) is used
GSM offers a variety of data services
2G
Advantages:
The lower powered radio signals require less battery power
The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking
- increase sound quality
- lowers the noise level
Introduction of digital data transfer
- SMS short message service
- E-mail

2G
Disadvantages:
Cell towers had a limited coverage area
Low data transfer rate
3G
3G Technology
2.05 Mbits/second to stationary devices.
384 Kbits/second for slowly moving devices, such as a handset carried by a walking user.
128 Kbits/second for fast moving devices, such as handsets in moving vehicles.
A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth

3G
Advantages
More bandwidth, security, and reliability
Fixed and variable data rates.
multimedia services.
Global roaming
Large capacity and broadband capabilities

3G
Disadvantages of 3G
3G phones are expensive
High input fees for the 3G service licenses
Lack of 2G mobile user buy-in for 3G wireless service
network deployment costs
Base stations need to be closer to each other(more cost)
4G Technology
4G
Difference between 3G&4G
4G
Objectives
4G is being developed to accommodate the quality of service
Improve applications like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), minimal services like voice and data
A data rate of at least 100 Mbps between any two points in the world

4G
Principal technologies
OFDM
MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency

OFDM
single channel utilizes multiple sub-carriers on adjacent frequencies.
sub-carriers in an OFDM system are precisely orthogonal to one another, thus they are able to overlap without interfering
It allows transfer of more data than other forms of multiplexing (time, frequency, code, etc)

OFDM
PARAMETERS OF OFDM IN 4G
MIMO
POSSIBLE 4G PARAMETERS
Advantages of 4G
High speed
low cost per bit
High quality of service
Variety of services
On connectivity

Telecom Companies Developing 4G
NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN)
DIGIWEB (IRELAND)
SPRINT (CHICAGO)
VERIZON WIRELESS
VODAFONE GROUP
AMERICAN WIRELESS PROVIDER CLEARWIRE ETC..

athiramp · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

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Presented By
T. Annalakshmi

Implementation of all wireless internet services for 4G mobile communication system

Abstract

Fourth generation (4G) mobile systems and services will mainly be characterized
by a horizontal communication model, where different access technologies such as
cellular, cordless, wireless local area network (WLAN), short-range connectivity,
and wired systems will be combined on a common platform to complement each
Other optimally for different service requirements and radio environments. To
access different wireless networks, multimode user terminals are essential. The
most promising way of implementing multimodal user terminals is to adopt the
software radio approach. The current software radio technology does not meet the
requirements of different wireless networks; because it is impossible to have just
one antenna and one LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) to serve the wide range of
frequency bands.
In this paper, I am implementing a novel idea using CI/OFDM (Carrier
Interferometry-OFDM) to access multiple networks using a wireless terminal.
The physical size of the wireless terminal proposed in the present work, will be
smaller than the terminal with software radio device, and enough memory can be
inserted in the terminal device to store software for all networks.

Plan of Work

Analyzing the proposed system
Obtaining the system model
Obtaining the mathematical model
Compose the coding using Matlab
Simulation of BER performance

Literature Survey

Willie W.Lu, Next generation communication towards open wireless standard and software defined radio IEE 2008 IET International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks

To achieve high data rates in next generation communication systems beyond 3G up to 100 Mbps or more research focuses on the open distributed wireless communication system called ODWCS which is a new architecture for a wireless access system with distributed & smart antennas (MIMO), distributed processors and distributed controlling through software defined radio (SDR) which is supposed to take care of all types of mobility management for end to end quality of service with greater reliability. This paper contributes towards the importance of open communication platform with reconfiguring ability with the changing environment of the communication with the aid of software defined radio. SDR provides an efficient and comparatively inexpensive technique for multi-mode, multi-band, multi-functional communications with software upgrades. SDR technology and open standards promise to do for the wireless industry what the PC and object-oriented software and operating systems have done for the computer industry.

jasmine · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

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3G: Some Unfinished Business

Technical

Improved coverage (e.g., residences)

Inter technology roaming

Inter carrier compensation (esp. data services)

Financial

Balance sheet cleanup (debt reduction)

Capacity Utilization

Business Models for New Services

EDGE Technology Enhanced Data-rates for Global Evolution

Evolutionary path to 3G services for GSM and TDMA operators
Builds on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) air interface and networks
Phase 1 (Release 99 & 2002 deployment) supports best effort packet data at speeds up to about 384 kbps
Phase 2 (Release 2000 & 2003 deployment) will add Voice over IP capability

GPRS Air-link

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Same GMSK modulation as GSM
4 channel coding modes
Packet-mode supporting up to about 144 kbps
Flexible time slot allocation (1-8)
Radio resources shared dynamically between speech and data services
Independent uplink and downlink resource allocation

GPRS Networks

consists of packet wireless access network and IP-based backbone
shares mobility databases with circuit voice services and adds new packet switching nodes (SGSN & GGSN)
will support GPRS, EDGE & WCDMA airlinks
provides an access to packet data networks
Internet
X.25
provides services to different mobile classes ranging from 1-slot to 8-slot capable
radio resources shared dynamically between speech and data services

OFDM Characteristics

High peak-to-average power levels
Preservation of orthogonality in severe multi-path
Efficient FFT based receiver structures
Enables efficient TX and RX diversity
Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization
Support for adaptive modulation by subcarrier
Frequency diversity
Robust against narrow-band interference
Efficient for simulcasting
Variable/dynamic bandwidth
Used for highest speed applications
Supports dynamic packet access

Key Features of 4G W-OFDM

IP packet data centric
Support for streaming, simulcasting & generic data
Peak downlink rates of 5 to 10 Mbps
Full macro-cellular/metropolitan coverage
Asymmetric with 3G uplinks (EDGE)
Variable bandwidth - 1 to 5 MHz
Adaptive modulation/coding
Smart/adaptive antennas supported
MIMO/BLAST/space-time coding modes
Frame synchronized base stations using GPS
Network assisted dynamic packet assignment

pawan.d.l · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

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Submitted by
Jitendra nath gouda

Introduction :
A 4G system will be a complete replacement for current networks and be able to provide a comprehensive and secure IP solution where voice, data, and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at much higher data rates than previous generations

Problems with the current system

High speed wireless is not available
Not fit for the data transfer
Shortage of bandwidth

Objectives :
Spectrally efficient system
High network capacity
High data rate
Smooth hand off
High quality of service (QoS)
An all IP packet switched network
global roaming

UWB Devices :

It uses frequencies between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz
Provides higher data rate
Uses less power
Passing through objects like sea and layer of rocks

Smart antenna :
Switched beam antenna
Adaptive array antenna

Technologies used in 4G
OFDMA
Software defined Radio
IPv6
Multi input multi output (MIMO)

reeta shukla · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

Ganesh mandpe1 · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

Presentation On 4G Technology ( Beyond 3G )

Presented by:
Abhishek Tiwar

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Mobile System Generations

First Generation (1G) mobile systems were designed to
offer a single service, i.e., speech.
Second Generation (2G) mobile systems were also
designed primarily to offer speech with a limited
capability to offer data at low rates.
Third Generation (3G) mobile systems are expected to
offer high-quality multi-media services and operate in
different environments.
3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and International
Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000) worldwide.

vipin · 08-16-2017, 09:02 PM

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4'th Generation,4g

It is a frame work for to meet the need of a universal
highspeed wireless networks.

It supports Interact multimedia services such as

Tele conferrencing.
wireless Internet over wide bandwidth with higher data
rate.

It will for reasonable low cost than previous Generation.

Still in the cloud of ITU and IEE of 3GPP LTE from UMTS
and WI -MAX