10-04-2017, 09:03 PM
Abstract
This paper proposes and implements a solution for
enhancing public transportation management services based
on GPS and GSM in Punjab province of Pakistan. The system
consists of four modules: BUS Station Module, In-BUS
Module, BASE Station Module and BUS Stop Module.
Equipped with PC and GSM modem, BUS Station Module
sends the initialization information containing the bus number
and license plate number to In-BUS Module and BASE Station
Module using SMS. The microcontroller based In-BUS Module
consisting mainly of a GPS receiver and GSM modem then
starts transmitting its location and number of passengers to
BASE Station Module. BASE Station Module equipped with a
microcontroller unit and GSM modems interfaced to PCs is
designed to keep track record of every bus, processes user
request about a particular bus location out of BUS Station and
updates buses location on bus stops. BUS Stop Module is
installed at every bus stop and consists of a GSM modem,
memory unit and dot matrix display all interfaced to a
microcontroller. This module receives buses location
information coming towards that stop from BASE Station
module and displays the information on a dot matrix display.
A per stop statistical analysis is carried out based on the
number of passengers and a recommendation report along
with this analysis is sent to Punjab Government
Transportation Department to have a check on the
performance and services offered by transporters to common
people. The results have shown that the developed system is
useful for facilitating people using public transportation
services.
Keywords-GPS;GSM;public transportation management
services; Bus Station Module; In-BUS Module; BASE Station
Module;BUS Stop Module;rush statistical analysis
I. INTRODUCTION
With the increasing number of people in opportunistic
cities of Pakistan like Lahore, already existing problem of
poor transportation services has grown to an alarming extent.
Due to non-availability of prior information about the buses
arrival schedule, people have to wait longer on bus stops
especially in morning when they have to reach the offices in
time. The buses are overloaded for most of the times which
often results in some kind of fault occurrence in buses and
people get late further. According to a survey report issued
by Lahore Regional Transport Authority in year 2001, the
available seat capacity on public transport to population in
Lahore is 1:38 as compared to Delhi 1:7, which shows the
deficiency in capacity of public transport in Lahore [1]. In
addition, rapid population growth and spatial expansion in
Lahore is adversely affecting this ratio. Consequently the
dissatisfaction with the level and quality of public
transportation service has lead those people who can afford it
to turn to private modes of transportation. By the end of year
2005, the private modes of transportation in Lahore have
contributed 93% (motor cycles=56.06%, motor cars and
jeeps=31.52%, taxies=0.95%, rickshaws=4.56%) as
compared to public modes of transportation [1]. Owing to
poor infrastructure of roads in country, the annual growth
rate of vehicles has created problems in controlling the
traffic flow resulting in traffic congestion on roads. Also
with the increased number of vehicles, the content of carbon
mono-oxide and particulates matter concentration is found to
be 10 times higher than World Health Organization (WHO)
in central parts of Lahore city thereby deteriorating the
environment and causing lung diseases [2]. To reduce the
number of private vehicles and improve the public modes of
transportation in Lahore, the idea of introducing Light Rail
Transit (LRT) is proposed [3]. It is estimated that 231,000
passengers will use LRT every day. This will also help in
reducing the accidental rate (A total of 802 fatal accidents
are recorded in Lahore for the year 2004) [1]. Although LRT
seems to be a promising solution for enhancing public modes
of transportation, it is costly to deploy. Another approach
would be to introduce a technology based transportation
management system that will help the passengers in getting
informed about the exact schedule of buses and send
recommendation report after performing rush statistical
analysis on per stop basis to Punjab Government for
regulating the transport services.
In this paper, a transportation management system is
developed for enhancing public transportation services based
on integration of GPS and GSM. GPS is used as a
positioning device while GSM is used as communication
link between different modules. These modules include BUS
Station Module, In-Bus Module, BASE Station Module and
BUS Stop Module. Bus Station Module contains a GSM
engine interfaced to PC and transmits the bus index and its
license plate number to BASE Station. At the same time, it
turns on GPS receiver installed in the bus. The bus then starts
transmitting its location to the BASE Station. The BASE
Station comprises of a GSM engine interfaced to a
microcontroller for processing user request of bus location as
well as a number of other GSM engines interfaced to various
PCs each reserved for a separate bus to update the location
information of that bus. The buses location data from BASE
Station is sent to each bus stop. BUS Stop Module after
receiving buses location data through GSM engine displays
it on dot matrix display installed at each bus stop. The block
diagram of the proposed system is shown in Fig. 1.
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