10-04-2017, 09:10 PM
ELECTRONIC JAM
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INTRODUCTION:
Electronic jams are one of the most common devices used especially in quiz completions. However, to work with this system, it requires low power consumption and hence we can use it as a handy device.
Having low cost and yet having a quick response time is really a boon. It s basically a device having high noise immunity with a wide supply range, however still being ultra sensitive. Even in the voting booth s such kind of device could be useful.
We have taken Electronic Jam for its use in quiz show and to make Quiz shows priority less.
PCB LAYOUT:
Many CAD users dismiss schematic capture as a necessary evil in the process of creating PCB layout but we have always disputed this point of view. With PCB layout now offering automation of both component placement and track routing, getting the design into the computer can often be the most time consuming element of the exercise. And if you use circuit simulation to develop your ideas, you are going to spend even more time working on the schematic.
ISIS has been created with this in mind. It has evolved over twelve years research and development and has been proven by thousands of users worldwide. The strength of its architecture has allowed us to integrate first conventional graph based simulation and now - with PROTEUS VSM - interactive circuit simulation into the design environment. For the first time ever it is possible to draw a complete circuit for a micro-controller based system and then test it interactively, all from within the same piece of software. Meanwhile, ISIS retains a host of features aimed at the PCB designer, so that the same design can be exported for production with ARES or other PCB layout software.
Soldering of PCB components:
Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a relatively low melting point. Soft soldering is characterized by the melting point of the filler metal, which is below 400 C (752 F).[1] The filler metal used in the process is called solder.
Basic soldering techniques:
Soldering operations can be performed with hand tools, one joint at a time, or en masse on a production line. Hand soldering is typically performed with a soldering iron, soldering gun, or a torch, or occasionally a hot-air pencil. Sheet metal work was traditionally done with "soldering coppers" directly heated by a flame, with sufficient stored heat in the mass of the soldering copper to complete a joint; torches or electrically-heated soldering irons are more convenient. All soldered joints require the same elements of cleaning of the metal parts to be joined, fitting up the joint, heating the parts, applying flux, applying the filler, removing heat and holding the assembly still until the filler metal has completely solidified. Depending on the nature of flux material used, cleaning of the joints may be required after they have cooled.
Soldering defects:
Various problems may arise in the soldering process which lead to joints which are non functional either immediately or after a period of use.
The most common defect when hand-soldering results from the parts being joined not exceeding the solder's liquidus temperature, resulting in a "cold solder" joint. This is usually the result of the soldering iron being used to heat the solder directly, rather than the parts themselves. Properly done, the iron heats the parts to be connected, which in turn melt the solder, guaranteeing adequate heat in the joined parts for thorough wetting. In 'electronic' hand soldering solder the flux isembedded in the solder. Therefore heating the solder first may cause the flux to evaporate before it cleans the surfaces (pcb pad and component connection) being soldered.