Quantum Computing

[jayasree_419]

To explain what makes quantum computers so different from their classical counterparts we begin by having a closer look at a basic chunk of information namely one bit. A bit is the basic unit of information in a digital computer. From a physical point of view, a bit is a physical system which can be prepared in one of the two different states representing two logical values -- no or yes, false or true, or simply 0 or 1. For example, in digital computers, the voltage between the plates in a capacitor represents a bit of information: a charged capacitor denotes bit value 1 and an uncharged capacitor bit value 0. One bit of information can be also encoded using two different polarizations of light or two different electronic states of an atom. In any of the systems listed above, a bit can store a value of logical 1 or logical 0 using some method which depends on the system used. The size of the register to be used would be determined by the maximum value that is to be used (m) and the number of bits in each register is determined using the equation
k = log 2 n
where n is the smallest power of 2 greater than or equal to m

[mohanasundaram]

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quantum computers exploit quantum effects to compute in ways that are faster or more efficient than, or even impossible, on conventional computers. Quantum computers use a specific physical implementation to gain a computational advantage over conventional computers. Properties called superposition and entanglement may, in some cases, allow an exponential amount of parallelism. Also, special purpose machines like quantum cryptographic devices use entanglement and other peculiarities like quantum uncertainty. Quantum computing combines quantum mechanics, information theory, and aspects of computer science. Quantum computers require quantum logic, something fundamentally different to classical Boolean logic. This difference leads to a greater efficiency of quantum computation over its classical Counter part. The field is a relatively new one that promises secure data transfer, dramatic computing speed increases, and may take component miniaturization to its fundamental limit.