08-16-2017, 09:11 PM
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Abstract
Security is something that is needed for every person irrespective of their post and working. Advancement in technology has made possible to impart security at every need. The line-man working either in an electrical station or on the area lines are exposed to heavy voltages and current environment. A small mistake may lead to a huge disaster. Hence, it is necessary to include full-proof security and safety control mechanisms. The main motive behind the project is to improve the old mechanical control system used to turn ON and OFF the electrical supplies applied to the lines in different areas.
The mechanical system like of liver/control rod type of actuation system used for operation lines has to be replaced by electronics systems with computerized control architecture. This project is designed to automate the operations of entire electrical control station into a authenticated and automatic control application.
Scope of the project:
The project provides an efficient and cheapest way for control system design to control the operation of various electrical supply lines by providing dedicated and precise control authentication to the lineman.
The project will have following modules
Microcontroller based control system
Computer based data transmission and control system
Automatic load shedding done by software based Graphical system.
Authenticated lines providing asses through software based password.
Software modules
It include the development of
Graphical User Interface system for transmission line actuation
Graphical User Interface system for authentication of electrical systems to protect them from unauthorized persons.
Development of software algorithms and control laws in software to perform intelligent actions like automatic load shedding, feed back loop testing etc.
Description:
Electrical Transmission Lines, Switchboards, panel boards, industrial control panels, and motor control centers that are likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance, shall be field marked to warn persons of potential electric shock hazards. The marking shall be located so as to be clearly visible to persons before examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance of the equipment.
The international body for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, provides assistance in determining severity of potential exposure, planning safe work practices, and selecting personal protective equipment. But still many disasters has been reported due to the negligence and improper control/switching operations. There is no advanced control system available that can provide authenticated access to control system operation in an electrical control station.
The project proposes an advance technique to control the operation of the electric line control terminal. The control terminals are divided into many lanes. Individual lane will be given dedicated access control/ authentication .the architecture is designed in software using rule-based algorithms, which enables the lineman to put his own password. Once the line man puts his desired password, the control lane will be locked and I will be opened only by that password.
The Project Line Man Security system is based on the Parallel Port. The Parallel Port is the most commonly used port for interfacing home made projects. This port will allow the input of up to 9 bits or the output of 12 bits at any one given time, thus requiring minimal external circuitry to implement many simpler tasks. The port is composed of 4 control lines, 5 status lines and 8 data lines. It's found commonly on the back of your PC as a D-Type 25 Pin female connector. There may also be a D-Type 25 pin male connector.
This project has two parts one is Admin part another is User part. Admin part has the control over the Project Line Man Security. Admin can create and delete the user and also assign the Line to a particular Line Man. And User can make the status of its assigned Line ON or OFF. The Line Man Security is an application which is use to make the Data Line ON/OFF of Parallel Port. This Application is developed for 3 Data Lines. If Data Line is ON state then Line-1 LED will glow, and same for all Data Line (Line-2, line-3).
Graphical User Interface for authenticated software control.
Diagram depicting the different boundary limit for repair and control of electrical Transmission lines
The boundary limits must not be crossed any actuation to be performed in the restricted boundary must be a remote or automatic control system. Since manual operation by human may lead to huge disasters.
Approach Boundaries depending on the voltage levels in the Transmission Lines
Nominal System
Voltage Range Limited Approach Boundary Restricted Approach
Boundary Prohibited Approach Boundary
Phase-to-Phase Exposed Moveable Conductor Exposed Fixed Circuit Part Includes Inadvertent Movement Adder
0 - 50 Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
51 - 300 10 ft. 0 in. 3 ft.6 in. Avoid contact Avoid contact
301 - 750 10 ft. 0 in. 3 ft.6 in. 1 ft. 0 in. 0 ft. 1 in.
751V - 15 kV 10 ft. 0 in. 5 ft.0 in. 2 ft. 2 in. 0 ft. 7 in.
15.1 36 kV 10 ft. 0 in. 6 ft.0 in. 2 ft. 7 in. 0 ft. 10 in.
36.1 46 kV 10 ft. 0 in. 8 ft.0 in. 2 ft. 10 in. 1 ft. 5 in.
46.1 72.5 kV 10 ft. 0 in. 8 ft.0 in. 3 ft. 3 in. 2 ft. 1 in.
72.6 121 kV 10 ft. 8 in. 8 ft.0 in. 3 ft. 3 in. 2 ft. 8 in.
138 145 kV 11 ft. 0 in. 10 ft.0 in. 3 ft. 7 in. 3 ft. 1 in.
Methods of Reducing Hazard Risk
Specifying Current Limiting Fuses on Low Voltage Switch Breakers
Specifying Resistance, Medium Voltage Switchgear
Remote Control of Switch Breakers
Hence in this project we are implementing a software based control system which can operate the electrical lines.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. MOULING HENK, JENNY ATKINSON design of electrical control system mechanism for station safety IEE proceeding vol. 56 (pp-73) International conference on power safety and controls. Luciana 2008.
[2] BILL CAMARDA, ELISABETH NICHOLE implementation of grid computing and distributed system based electrical grid control system and control application. IEE vol. 203 IEE conference on advancement in electrical engineering and technology. BOSTON 2007.