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Virtual Laser Keyboards (Download PPT,Abstract,Report)
[Image: virtual-laser-keyboard-1.jpg]Without your computer keyboard, whether it's part of a desktop or a laptop, it might've been fairly difficult to get to this article. Sure, maybe you've bookmarked the Web site and you used your mouse to click around between several links, but most of the time, you probably type the Web site address into your browser to get here. Most of us with personal computers use a keyboard almost every day to compose e-mails, type out word processing documents, visit Web sites and perform searches. And as easy as it may seem, typing is a skill we have to learn and practice in order to perform properly. Most students take typing classes as early as elementary school, and word processing is one of the most common skills listed on a job-seeker's resume.
Without keyboards, communicating between family, friends and businesses would be a much less streamlined affair. Today, even smartphones come equipped with smaller keyboards. Phones that are more focused on e-mail and text messaging, like the BlackBerry or several of the slider phones, offer these as a more straightforward way of typing out text. On a typical cell phone with a three-by-four numeric keypad, for instance, where at least three letters are assigned to a number, you often have to punch through each key several times to get one word on the screen. Some people are remarkably adept at this -- just watch some people on a train or at the airport rifle through several text messages in a matter of no time -- but for some, the act is cumbersome and takes far too long. Miniature keyboards, however, attempt to solve that problem by giving users a complete QWERTY setup to type e-mails, text messages and reminders.
But there's another problem. People with bigger fingers may find the keyboards on smartphones and PDAs too small. To make up for this, some manufactures have developed special virtual laser keyboards to accompany handheld devices. Instead of having to poke lightly around your phone's keyboard, a virtual laser keyboard connects to the phone and projects a full-sized virtual keyboard onto any flat surface. So how do they work?
Mechanics of Virtual Laser Keyboards
[Image: virtual-laser-keyboard-2.jpg]
Although virtual laser keyboards perform the same function as traditional keyboards, how they analyze and send information to another device is a different process.
Amazon.com
Although virtual laser keyboards perform the same function as traditional keyboards, how they analyze and send information to another device is a different process.
At their most basic, all keyboards, whether they're physical or virtual, are input devices -- once you type in a certain series of keystrokes, you're telling the keyboard to deliver a command to your computer. This allows you to write in a word-processing document, close out a program or write out a Web site's URL in a browser. But apart from the science-fiction element, what sets a virtual laser keyboard apart from a regular keyboard?
A traditional keyboard, one that hooks up to a desktop computer or is part of a laptop, is very much like another smaller computer. If you take it apart, it has a processor and circuitry similar to the insides of your computer. Underneath each key is a grid of circuits, and once you press a key, the switch closes. This sends a small electrical current through the grid, which the processor recognizes and analyzes. The processor, in turn, sends the information regarding your keystrokes to your computer, and it can do this several ways. Most desktop users connect their keyboard using cables, although common wireless technologies like Bluetooth let you type from a distance, as long as the computer has the necessary receiver. Laptop keyboards, on the other hand, connect directly to the computer's hardware.
When you type on a virtual laser keyboard, there aren't any switches involved. In fact, there aren't any mechanical moving parts at all. The device projects the image of a QWERTY keyboard onto a flat, non-reflective surface using a red diode laser. The laser, similar to the kind you see on those cheap laser pointers people wave at rock concerts, shines through a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE), which is simply a tiny image of the keyboard. The DOE, along with special optical lenses, expands the image to a usable size and projects it onto a surface.
But a simple image of a keyboard won't get you anywhere -- something needs to analyze the information you type in. Situated near the bottom of the device is an infrared (IR) laser diode, which shoots out a thin plane of infrared light. The plane, which is invisible and runs parallel to the surface, rests only millimeters above the image of the keyboard. When you start typing, you pass your fingers through certain areas of the infrared light. A CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) images your finger's position within the area of the keyboard, and a special sensor chip called a Virtual Interface Processing Core analyzes the location of the intended keystroke. The device then sends this information to the computer receiving the commands.
So how do you use a virtual laser keyboard?
Using Virtual Laser Keyboards
[Image: virtual-laser-keyboard-3.jpg]
If it sounds like a gadget from the future, a virtual laser keyboard sort of looks like one, too, especially when it's on full working display. They're small and sleek, weigh about two ounces (56.7 grams) and comparable in size to a pack of gum, so they can fit easily into pockets or carrying bags.
Virtual laser keyboards are small and portable, about the size of a pack of gum, and can slip into your pocket for easy use. Most are built to work with a variety of smartphones, PDAs and desktop and laptop setups.
Amazon.com
Virtual laser keyboards are about the size of a pack of gum, and can slip into your pocket. Most work with a variety of smartphones, PDAs and desktop and laptop setups.
But when it's time to use the virtual laser keyboard, the full science-fiction novelty comes into play. Most devices either stand up straight on a rectangular base or prop up with the help of a stand that flips out from the back. Once powered up, the keyboard can connect to a smartphone, PDA or laptop via USB cable or, more commonly, Bluetooth wireless technology. These two connection options allow the virtual laser keyboard to send keystroke information to a word processing document, e-mail or any other program in question.
Although they're small and convenient to carry around, you can't simply pull out the virtual laser keyboard and start typing away in any location. If you were sitting on the bus, for instance, and wanted to write a quick e-mail on your BlackBerry, you couldn't shine the device's red laser onto your lap and expect it to work properly. Virtual laser keyboards require flat, opaque and non-reflective surfaces for working projection and typing. Once you have the keyboard set up on the right type of surface, the device displays a full-size QWERTY keyboard, which typically contains 60 or more keys. Then you simply type just like you would on a normal keyboard, although the sensation you normally get when typing on a laptop or desktop -- the pops and clicks associated with the keystrokes punching up and down -- won't be there. In fact, it takes a little bit of practice for many users to become accustomed to pressing their fingers on a smooth surface.
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Without your computer keyboard, whether it's part of a desktop or a laptop, it might've been fairly difficult to get to this article. Sure, maybe you've bookmarked the Web site and you used your mouse to click around between several links, but most of the time, you probably type the Web site address into your browser to get here. Most of us with personal computers use a keyboard almost every day to compose e-mails, type out word processing documents, visit Web sites and perform searches. And as easy as it may seem, typing is a skill we have to learn and practice in order to perform properly. Most students take typing classes as early as elementary school, and word processing is one of the most common skills listed on a job-seeker's resume.
Without keyboards, communicating between family, friends and businesses would be a much less streamlined affair. Today, even smartphones come equipped with smaller keyboards. Phones that are more focused on e-mail and text messaging, like the BlackBerry or several of the slider phones, offer these as a more straightforward way of typing out text. On a typical cell phone with a three-by-four numeric keypad, for instance, where at least three letters are assigned to a number, you often have to punch through each key several times to get one word on the screen. Some people are remarkably adept at this -- just watch some people on a train or at the airport rifle through several text messages in a matter of no time -- but for some, the act is cumbersome and takes far too long. Miniature keyboards, however, attempt to solve that problem by giving users a complete QWERTY setup to type e-mails, text messages and reminders.
But there's another problem. People with bigger fingers may find the keyboards on smartphones and PDAs too small. To make up for this, some manufactures have developed special virtual laser keyboards to accompany handheld devices. Instead of having to poke lightly around your phone's keyboard, a virtual laser keyboard connects to the phone and projects a full-sized virtual keyboard onto any flat surface. So how do they work?
Mechanics of Virtual Laser Keyboards
Although virtual laser keyboards perform the same function as traditional keyboards, how they analyze and send information to another device is a different process.
Amazon.com
Although virtual laser keyboards perform the same function as traditional keyboards, how they analyze and send information to another device is a different process.
At their most basic, all keyboards, whether they're physical or virtual, are input devices -- once you type in a certain series of keystrokes, you're telling the keyboard to deliver a command to your computer. This allows you to write in a word-processing document, close out a program or write out a Web site's URL in a browser. But apart from the science-fiction element, what sets a virtual laser keyboard apart from a regular keyboard?
A traditional keyboard, one that hooks up to a desktop computer or is part of a laptop, is very much like another smaller computer. If you take it apart, it has a processor and circuitry similar to the insides of your computer. Underneath each key is a grid of circuits, and once you press a key, the switch closes. This sends a small electrical current through the grid, which the processor recognizes and analyzes. The processor, in turn, sends the information regarding your keystrokes to your computer, and it can do this several ways. Most desktop users connect their keyboard using cables, although common wireless technologies like Bluetooth let you type from a distance, as long as the computer has the necessary receiver. Laptop keyboards, on the other hand, connect directly to the computer's hardware.
When you type on a virtual laser keyboard, there aren't any switches involved. In fact, there aren't any mechanical moving parts at all. The device projects the image of a QWERTY keyboard onto a flat, non-reflective surface using a red diode laser. The laser, similar to the kind you see on those cheap laser pointers people wave at rock concerts, shines through a Diffractive Optical Element (DOE), which is simply a tiny image of the keyboard. The DOE, along with special optical lenses, expands the image to a usable size and projects it onto a surface.
But a simple image of a keyboard won't get you anywhere -- something needs to analyze the information you type in. Situated near the bottom of the device is an infrared (IR) laser diode, which shoots out a thin plane of infrared light. The plane, which is invisible and runs parallel to the surface, rests only millimeters above the image of the keyboard. When you start typing, you pass your fingers through certain areas of the infrared light. A CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) images your finger's position within the area of the keyboard, and a special sensor chip called a Virtual Interface Processing Core analyzes the location of the intended keystroke. The device then sends this information to the computer receiving the commands.
So how do you use a virtual laser keyboard?
Using Virtual Laser Keyboards
If it sounds like a gadget from the future, a virtual laser keyboard sort of looks like one, too, especially when it's on full working display. They're small and sleek, weigh about two ounces (56.7 grams) and comparable in size to a pack of gum, so they can fit easily into pockets or carrying bags.
Virtual laser keyboards are small and portable, about the size of a pack of gum, and can slip into your pocket for easy use. Most are built to work with a variety of smartphones, PDAs and desktop and laptop setups.
Amazon.com
Virtual laser keyboards are about the size of a pack of gum, and can slip into your pocket. Most work with a variety of smartphones, PDAs and desktop and laptop setups.
But when it's time to use the virtual laser keyboard, the full science-fiction novelty comes into play. Most devices either stand up straight on a rectangular base or prop up with the help of a stand that flips out from the back. Once powered up, the keyboard can connect to a smartphone, PDA or laptop via USB cable or, more commonly, Bluetooth wireless technology. These two connection options allow the virtual laser keyboard to send keystroke information to a word processing document, e-mail or any other program in question.
Although they're small and convenient to carry around, you can't simply pull out the virtual laser keyboard and start typing away in any location. If you were sitting on the bus, for instance, and wanted to write a quick e-mail on your BlackBerry, you couldn't shine the device's red laser onto your lap and expect it to work properly. Virtual laser keyboards require flat, opaque and non-reflective surfaces for working projection and typing. Once you have the keyboard set up on the right type of surface, the device displays a full-size QWERTY keyboard, which typically contains 60 or more keys. Then you simply type just like you would on a normal keyboard, although the sensation you normally get when typing on a laptop or desktop -- the pops and clicks associated with the keystrokes punching up and down -- won't be there. In fact, it takes a little bit of practice for many users to become accustomed to pressing their fingers on a smooth surface.
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ABSTRACT
The main scope of this paper is to detect the lost mobiles. Each and every day thousands of mobiles get misplaced or lost, though effective way for the blocking of the lost mobile to prevent unauthorized person from making and receiving the calls has been done by the manufacturers of the mobile with the help of International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI) has been done but however there has been no development or very little progress for the detection of the misplaced mobile phone.
For the detection of lost mobile SNIFFER plays a vital role .The sniffer device has to be designed precisely and size should be reduced for easy mobility for the purpose of detection .The device can be called as a mobile Base station that includes Sniffer Base station, Unidirectional antenna , Tracking software. The sniffer is a small base station that includes transceiver section.It should operate at a frequency which is much different from the frequency of the current cell in which the operation of detection is being carried out. The directional antenna is an important device that is to be designed and used as it plays a major role.
There are certain boundary conditions that have to be qualified for the identification of lost mobile like the power of the mobile should be good enough, the mobile phone should not be in the shadow region but however this method using modern technologies and devices.
Our paper seems to be a bit costlier for initial setup but the cost is gradually reduced when effectively and efficiently utilized for the purpose of detection.
INTRODUCTION
One of the most interesting things about cell phone is that it is really a radio an extremely sophisticated radio, which uses some band of frequency that has the basic working similar to the ordinary cordless phone. The mobile cellular communication has been appreciated since its birth in the early 70 s and the advancement in the field of VLSI has helped in designing less power, smaller size but efficient transceiver for the purpose of communication.
But however the technology has not yet answered the loss or misplacement of the lost mobile phone which is significantly increasing. In this paper we discuss the problem and the probable solution that could be done. The IMEI number is a unique number that is embedded in the mobile phone the main purpose of which is the blocking of calls that is made by unauthorized person once the mobile is reported as stolen but here we use it effectively for the purpose of detection.
2. ABOUT IMEI :
The GSM MoU s IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) numbering system is a 15 digit unique code that is used to identify the GSM/DCS/PCS phone. When a phone is switched on, this unique IMEI number is transmitted and checked against a data base of black listed or grey listed phones in the network s EIR (Equipment ID Register). This EIR determines whether the phone can log on to the network to make and receive calls. To know the IMEI number the *#06# has to be pressed, the number will be displayed in the LCD screen; it is unique to a mobile phone. If the EIR and IMEI number match, the networks can do a number of things.
For example grey list or blacklist a phone:
1. Grey listing will allow the phone to be used, but it can be tracked to see who has it (via the SIM information).
2. Black listing the phone from being used on any network where there is an EIR match.
ABSTRACT
The main scope of this paper is to detect the lost mobiles. Each and every day thousands of mobiles get misplaced or lost, though effective way for the blocking of the lost mobile to prevent unauthorized person from making and receiving the calls has been done by the manufacturers of the mobile with the help of International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI) has been done but however there has been no development or very little progress for the detection of the misplaced mobile phone.
For the detection of lost mobile SNIFFER plays a vital role .The sniffer device has to be designed precisely and size should be reduced for easy mobility for the purpose of detection .The device can be called as a mobile Base station that includes Sniffer Base station, Unidirectional antenna , Tracking software. The sniffer is a small base station that includes transceiver section.It should operate at a frequency which is much different from the frequency of the current cell in which the operation of detection is being carried out. The directional antenna is an important device that is to be designed and used as it plays a major role.
There are certain boundary conditions that have to be qualified for the identification of lost mobile like the power of the mobile should be good enough, the mobile phone should not be in the shadow region but however this method using modern technologies and devices.
Our paper seems to be a bit costlier for initial setup but the cost is gradually reduced when effectively and efficiently utilized for the purpose of detection.
INTRODUCTION
One of the most interesting things about cell phone is that it is really a radio an extremely sophisticated radio, which uses some band of frequency that has the basic working similar to the ordinary cordless phone. The mobile cellular communication has been appreciated since its birth in the early 70 s and the advancement in the field of VLSI has helped in designing less power, smaller size but efficient transceiver for the purpose of communication.
But however the technology has not yet answered the loss or misplacement of the lost mobile phone which is significantly increasing. In this paper we discuss the problem and the probable solution that could be done. The IMEI number is a unique number that is embedded in the mobile phone the main purpose of which is the blocking of calls that is made by unauthorized person once the mobile is reported as stolen but here we use it effectively for the purpose of detection.
2. ABOUT IMEI :
The GSM MoU s IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) numbering system is a 15 digit unique code that is used to identify the GSM/DCS/PCS phone. When a phone is switched on, this unique IMEI number is transmitted and checked against a data base of black listed or grey listed phones in the network s EIR (Equipment ID Register). This EIR determines whether the phone can log on to the network to make and receive calls. To know the IMEI number the *#06# has to be pressed, the number will be displayed in the LCD screen; it is unique to a mobile phone. If the EIR and IMEI number match, the networks can do a number of things.
For example grey list or blacklist a phone:
1. Grey listing will allow the phone to be used, but it can be tracked to see who has it (via the SIM information).
2. Black listing the phone from being used on any network where there is an EIR match.
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Ecoute, je sais qu'il ya une dame l -bas qui aime danser sur les robinets de mon clavier pendant que je suis sur internet qui je vois du coin de l' il, et je sais qu'il ya une femme l -bas qui est la perle dans la botte de foin (comme, vous savez, de trouver l'aiguille dans la botte de foin), et je sais qu'il ya une femme l -bas qui se sent seul parfois, mais c'est tout simplement trop timide pour sortir de la boiserie, et je sais qu'il ya une femme l -bas qui aime l'humour et un vrai gentleman, et je sais qu'il a obtenu d' tre un ange du ciel qui est venu sur cette terre pour trouver quelqu'un qui n'avait jamais lui faire du mal dans ce monde de violence, et je sais qu'il ya eu tre une femme l -bas qui aimeraient conna tre quelqu'un qui est compr hension et d'empathie, coh rente et continue l'endroit o vous allez me dire, je suis trop beau pour tre vrai, et je vous dirai qui vous tes trop bon pour tre vrai sans le syndrome de callgirl et sans le glamour et les m dias et pizazz et le popsorelli, et sans moi, tre le mec macho ..
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