A Phase Change Memory as a Secure Main Memory
A Seminar Report
by
Abdul Nassar A A
M105101
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
College of Engineering Trivandrum
Kerala - 695016
2010-11



Contents
1 Introduction 5
2 PCM Technology 6
2.1 History and background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Memory cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . ....etc

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It is a step towards a new breed of computer chips that couple memory with information processing. Such chips retain data when computer is turned off, eliminating the time-consuming process of booting up information from hard drive to processor. If we can make semiconductor based magnetic memories when we turn on computer it would be like a TV set-all information will be there with no need for reloading the operating system. All spintronic computers eliminate the need for parallel processing. Computing could be accelerated and customized with r ....etc

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Towards the end of 2013 news emerged that Cell C and MTN would finally be implementing double opt-in systems for wireless application service providers (WASPs).

Vodacom rolled out its double opt-in system two years prior. The double opt-in system cost it a 33% reduction in WASP revenue, according to Vodacom, but the operator said it was worth it for the dramatically reduced fraud complaints.

Along with the unveiling of its new double opt-in systems, Cell C and MTN also launched ways for their users to manage their content subscriptions.
....etc

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dma controller direct memory access using vhdl vlsi latest

Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of modern computers that allows certain hardware subsystems within the computer to access system memory for reading and/or writing independently of the central processing unit. Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without a DMA channel.

Principle of DMA

DMA is an essential feature of all modern computers, as it allows devices to transfer data without subjecting the CPU ....etc

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Definition
The Idea Of Direct Memory Access
By providing circuitry to generate addresses and memory control signals independently of the processor we see that it is possible to improve performance considerably. All that is necessary is to provide a signal to tell the processor to remove itself from the bus so there is no contention on the memory control, address, or data lines.

This is the entire concept behind direct memory access (DMA). To complete our picture, it is important to note that there are actually several ways that DMA can be ....etc

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Abstract:
The Direct Internet Access System (DIAS), jointly developed by Banyan Networks and TeNeT Group, liT Madras, allows telecom service providers to provide high bandwidth Internet access to residential and corporate . subscribers, in addition to voice services, without any changes to the existing cabling infrastructure. In contrast to current residential PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and ISDN (Integrated Switched Digital Network) dial-up access, the DIAS provides an Always On Internet Access that is permanently available at t ....etc

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Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. The capacitor can be either charged or discharged .these two states are taken to represent the two values of a bit, conventionally called 0 and 1. Since capacitors leak charge, the information eventually fades unless the capacitor charge is refreshed periodically.The advantage of DRAM is its structural simplicity. only one transistor and a capacitor are required per bit, compared to six transis ....etc

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Abstract
The ordinary CDMA technology has the disadvantage of identifying the users using the appropriate signature of each user. Since many users tend to use the transmission media, there is always a chance for superimposition of signals that can cause interference in network.

The solution for this inconvenience comes in the form of interleaving which separates the users. This special form of CDMA technology offers some of the features of CDMA such as the dynamic channel sharing, mitigation of cross cell reference, asynchronous tran ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
Network bandwidths have been increasing and Latencies through these networks have been decreasing. Unfortunately, applications have not been able to take full advantage of these performance improvements due to the many layers of user level and kernel level software that is required to get to the network. The Direct Access File System (or simply DAFS) developed by Microsoft, Compaq and Intel, significantly reduces the software overhead between a high performance CPU/memory subsystem, and a high performance network. Direct Access F ....etc

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DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS



introduction

An important aspect governing the Computer System performance is the transfer of data between memory and I/O devices.

Direct memory access (DMA) is a means of having a peripheral device control a processor's memory bus directly.

computer system with dma

Consider a typical system consisting of a CPU ,memory and one or more input/output devices as shown in fig. Assume one of the I/O devices is a disk drive and that the computer ....etc

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