Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) is an X-ray diffraction technique that is often used to determine the crystalline structure of polymers. This technique refers to the analysis of Bragg Peaks scattered to wide angles, implies that they are caused by sub-nanometer sized structures.Wide angle x-ray scattering is the same technique as Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) with the distance from sample to the detector is shorter and thus diffraction maxima at larger angles are observed.The technique is a time-honored but a somewhat out-of-favor tec ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Welding of dissimilar metals
Abstract:
There are many applications where welding constructions are produced from materials of different structures. the same applies to mechanical problems of wear, in a situation of high temperature or other conditions in which different properties required from different parts of the same weld.

This leads to the necessity of connection of dissimilar metals. Between a successful weld dissimilar metals is one that is as strong as the weaker of the two metals being joined, i.e. with sufficient tensile strength an ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Presented By:
Y. Phaneendra Kumar and R. M. Vasu
Department of Instrumentation, Indian Institute of Science
Abstract-
For near infrared imaging of neonatal head surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid layer, we have developed an imaging modality, which uses perturbation Monte-Carlo estimation of Jacobian of the forward model for photon propagation. In this case, we have shown that the conventional techniques, which uses diffusion approximation for light transport in tissue, fails to give the reconstruction of tissue optical proper ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Welding

Welding is the process of joining together pieces of metal or metallic parts by bringing them into intimate proximity and heating the place of content to a state of fusion or plasticity

following are the key features of welding:
The welding structures are normally lighter than riveted or bolted structures.
The welding joints provide maximum efficiency, which is not possible in other type of joints.
The addition and alterations can be easily made in the existing structure.
A weld ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

CONDUCTIVITY ,FERMI LEVEL ,
MEAN FREE PATH &
RELAXATION TIME
FOR TYPICAL MONO-VALENT METALS
IS SHOWN IN TABLE

The conductivity may be obtained experimentally .
Further we can get by using eqn given below
= ( n*Qe2 * )/me --(1)
but obtained may not be accurate but we will get an idea of magnitude of . In a monovalent metal no of free e- /m3 is equals the no of atoms /m3 . From table we find that relaxation time T is of the order of 10-14 sec .Thus we can say that T is extremely small f ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

The Structure of Metals



Crystal Structure of Metals

Common crystal structures for metals
Body-centered cubic (BCC) - alpha iron, chromium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium.
Face-centered cubic (FCC) - gamma iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, lead, silver, gold and platinum.
Hexagonal close-packed - beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, magnesium, alpha titanium, zinc and zirconium.

Permanent Deformation and Twinning in Crystal
Figure 1.6 (a) Permanent deformation of a single crystal ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

SCATTERING PARAMETERS OF CIRCULATOR

SCATTERING PARAMETERS OF CIRCULATOR

AIM: To study the operation of ferrite circulator and hence measure
i. Insertion loss ii. Isolation ii. And to determining S parameters

EQUIPMENT: Microwave Source (RKO/GO), Isolator, Variable Attenuator, Frequency meter, Slotted line , Tunable probe with detector, detector mount with detector, VSWR meter, Circulator and Matched Terminations-2.

THEORY: The circulator is a multi port junction that permits transmission in certain w ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

SBS animation Are you looking for stimulated brillouin scattering animation download ?
Type your request / requirement / comment about stimulated brillouin scattering animation download in to the right box for getting free material and support from us/dedicated premium members..
Its a free service..==>
==>
==>
==>
Dont forget to save this page.>!
Scroll down to see Save button..! ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

BIOSORPTION OF METALS


SELECTION OF BIOMASS
While choosing the biomass for metal biosorption, its origin is a major factor .

Biomass can come from, activated sludge or fermentation waste from industries like those of food, diary and starch .

organisms coming from their natural habitats are good sources of biomass.

Fast growing organisms that are specifically cultivated for biosorption purposes


TYPES OF BIOMASS

Agricultural products

Seaweeds

Fungi and Yeast

Bacteria
....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Ferrous metals
Ferrous metals contain iron. Examples are cast iron, mild steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, stainless steel, and high speed steel.
Non-ferrous metals
Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron. Some common non-ferrous metals are aluminium, duralumin, copper, zinc, brass, gilding metal and tin
Joining Metals
Brazing
Welding
Riveting
Machine Nuts & bolts
1.Two pieces of steel sheet are to be brazed. The steel must first be cleaned so that grease and dirt is removed. Wire w ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]