In optical networks three multiple access tech. are used WDMA, TDMA, CDMA. In CDMA we need more and more orthogonal codes. It is different from normal orthogonal codes as that are bypolar where as in optical domin thing are unipolar. So this needs one new codes which have less weight. For this thing few techniques are available and we have to develop new one ....etc

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A Technique for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Frequency Offset Correction

Abstract:
The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a Multi Carrier Modulation technique employing Frequency Division Multiplexing of orthogonal subcarriers. It is also sometimes called as discrete multitone modulation (DMT). It is better than CDMA in high bit rate and Broadband Communications .It is a multi carrier technique, which is very sensitive to Frequency Offset between transmitter and receiver. Th ....etc

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

ABSTRACT
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has recently gained a lot of attention and is a promising candidate for future wireless multimedia communications due to it is resistive to frequency-selective fading and its flexibility for handling multiple data rates for Fourth Generation (4G) wireless systems also it promises data rates up to 10Mbps. A variation of OFDM is Multi-Carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), in which an OFDM technique and CDM ....etc

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Performance of Orthogonal Fingerprinting Codes under Worst-Case Noise

Abstract:
We study the effect of the noise distribution on the error probability of the detection test when a class of randomly rotated spherical fingerprints is used. The detection test is performed by a focused correlation detector, and the spherical codes studied here form a randomized orthogonal constellation. The colluders create a noise-free forgery by uniform averaging of their individual copies, and then add a noise sequence to form the act ....etc

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ABSTRACT:

OFDM
otherwise called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a modulation and a multiple access technique that can be applied to mobile communications.
OFDM or Multitone modulation as it is sometimes called is the basis for several commercial wireless applications. In OFDM the segments are according to frequency there by dividing the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones, which are orthogonal with each other and carries a portion of user information on eac ....etc

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Orthogonal Persistence in Linux ....etc

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplplexing

Multi Carrier Modulation is a technique for data transmission by dividing a high bit rate data stream is several parallel low bit ]rate data streams and using these low bit rate data streams to modulate several carriers. Multi Carrier Transmission has a lot of useful properties such as delay spread tolerance and spectrum efficiency that encourage their use in untethered broadband communications. OFDM is a multi carrier modulation technique with densely spaced sub carriers tha ....etc

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Orthogonal Data Embedding for Binary Images in
Morphological Transform Domain-A High- Capacity Approach
ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes a data-hiding technique for binary images in morphological transform domain for authentication purpose. To achieve blind watermark extraction, it is difficult to use the detail coefficients directly as a location map to determine the data-hiding locations. Hence, we view flipping an edge pixel in binary images as shifting the edge location one pixel horizontally and vertically. Based on this observation, we pro ....etc

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Abstract:
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a multi-user version. Multiple access is achieved in OFDMA by assigning subsets of subcarriers to individual users. This allows simultaneous low data rate transmission from several users, OFDM is sometimes referred to as discrete multi-tone modulation, instead of a single carrier being modulated, a large number of evenly spaced subcarriers are modulated using some m-ary of QAM. This is a spread-spectrum technique that increases the efficiency of data communications by increasin ....etc

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing


1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction:-
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the latest modulation techniques used in order to combat the frequency-selectivity of the transmission channels, achieving high data rate without inter symbol interference. The basic principle of OFDM is gaining a wide spread popularity within the wireless transmission community. Furthermore,
OFDM is one of the main techniques proposed to be employed in ....etc

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