Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Prior to the introduction of modern seismic codes in the late 1960s for developed countries (US, Japan etc.) and late 1970s for many other parts of the world (Turkey, China etc.), many structures we ....etc

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Reinforced concrete structures often have to face modification and improvement of their performance during their service life. The main contributing factors are change in their use of ,new design standards, deterioration due to corrosion in the steel caused by exposure to an aggressive environment and accident events such as earthquakes .In such circumstances there are two possible solutions: replacement or retrofitting.
Retrofitting of flexural concrete elements are traditionally ac ....etc

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Deep beams are structural members loaded as simple beams in which a significant amount of the load is carried to the supports by a compressive force that combines the charge and the reaction. As a result, the strain distribution is no longer considered linear, and the shear deformations become significant in comparison with pure bending.

Horizontal load-bearing floor slabs, short-section beams carrying heavy loads and transfer beams are examples of deep beams. The deep beam is a beam having a large depth / thickness ratio and a depth ratio o ....etc

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Construction material subjected to repetitive or cyclic loading have to be qualified for their fatigue behaviour. Generally their behaviour is considered satisfactory if they withstand two million cycle of repetitive loading without distress or failure at that required mean stress level and range stress.
The recent research in reinforcing Portland cement based material with randomly distributed fibres was spurred by pioneering research or fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) conducted in the United state in the 1960s.The addition of fibre in the co ....etc

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to get information about the topic Fatigue Behaviour Of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams full report,ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-fatigue-behaviour-of-steel-fibre-reinforced-concrete-beams--2202 ....etc

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REPAIRS, REHABILITATION AND RETRO-FITTING
Significance of Ferrocement repairs
After, we in India, started manufacture of concrete in years 1930 s, the negative aspect of concrete started showing after sometime as below:-
- Deterioration due to poor workmanship, particularly high water content and corrosion of reinforcement and R.C.C. Technology being new.
- Leakages in concrete due to rain water as well as in water retaining structures
This menace become conspicuous after construction works which became old about 20 to 30 years. We star ....etc

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To get full information or details of retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings please have a look on the pages

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-study-of-retrofitting-of-reinforced-concrete-beams-using-advanced-composite-overlays

if you again feel trouble on retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings please reply in that page and ask specific fields in retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION
FUTURE optical networks will extend wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology to take full advantage of the wide bandwidth of the fiber to meet with the rapidly increasing demand for communication capacity. Large WDM networks will require wavelength converters for signal path routing, and this will enable us to use wavelength resources efficiently and realize flexible network construction.
Several wavelength-conversion methods have already been proposed , including cross-gain or cross-phase ....etc

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ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of experimental studies concerning the flexural strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded Slurry Infiltrated Mat CONcrete (SIMCON) laminates. A total of four reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested in the laboratory over an effective span of 3000 mm. Three beams were strengthened with bonded SIMCON laminate at the bottom under virgin condition and tested until failure; the remaining one beam was used as control specimen. Static responses of all the beams we ....etc

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BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS COCONUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATES. ....etc

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