SCATTERING PARAMETERS OF CIRCULATOR

SCATTERING PARAMETERS OF CIRCULATOR

AIM: To study the operation of ferrite circulator and hence measure
i. Insertion loss ii. Isolation ii. And to determining S parameters

EQUIPMENT: Microwave Source (RKO/GO), Isolator, Variable Attenuator, Frequency meter, Slotted line , Tunable probe with detector, detector mount with detector, VSWR meter, Circulator and Matched Terminations-2.

THEORY: The circulator is a multi port junction that permits transmission in certain w ....etc

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CONDUCTIVITY ,FERMI LEVEL ,
MEAN FREE PATH &
RELAXATION TIME
FOR TYPICAL MONO-VALENT METALS
IS SHOWN IN TABLE

The conductivity may be obtained experimentally .
Further we can get by using eqn given below
= ( n*Qe2 * )/me --(1)
but obtained may not be accurate but we will get an idea of magnitude of . In a monovalent metal no of free e- /m3 is equals the no of atoms /m3 . From table we find that relaxation time T is of the order of 10-14 sec .Thus we can say that T is extremely small f ....etc

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ppt on natural fibers in concrete

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world and steel reinforcement is always required to meet tensile strength and ductility demands of concrete structures. The production of concrete and reinforced concrete structures creates lots of environmental issues associated with the significant release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. In addition, the corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the major challenges that current civil engineers are facing. In the United States, the upgrading o ....etc

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Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) is an X-ray diffraction technique that is often used to determine the crystalline structure of polymers. This technique refers to the analysis of Bragg Peaks scattered to wide angles, implies that they are caused by sub-nanometer sized structures.Wide angle x-ray scattering is the same technique as Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) with the distance from sample to the detector is shorter and thus diffraction maxima at larger angles are observed.The technique is a time-honored but a somewhat out-of-favor tec ....etc

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what is the spontaneous emission and what is the stimulated emission ppt? ....etc

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To get full information or details of vibration measurement in transformer using optical fibers please have a look on the pages

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-transformer-tank-vibration-modeling-as-a-method-of-detecting-winding-deformations

if you again feel trouble on vibration measurement in transformer using optical fibers please reply in that page and ask specific fields ....etc

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Laser Micro-Patterning by Means of Optical Fibers with Micro-grinded Lens End Faces



Introduction

Nano-patterning of polymer surface has found a wide range of applications including biotechnology, where holes in the size of hundreds nm can influence the growth and differentiation of relatively large living cells . Instead of the e-beam patterning technique used in the Ref. 1, we ap-plied direct writing by laser-light. In our previous papers , we have demonstrated that th ....etc

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xperimental results on ?ber micro-buckling of continuous glass-?ber reinforced hollow-cored recycled plastic extrusions under creep tests are introduced. The full size specimens with dimensions in 2:5 3:5 42 in:3 were submerged in warm water at a temperature of 125 F when they were under a four-point bending creep test. The results show that the micro-buckling of the embedded glass-?ber roving occurs along 90% the length of the specimen on the upper inner surface (compressive side) and mainly during the time between 5 and 100 h from the init ....etc

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Presented By:
Y. Phaneendra Kumar and R. M. Vasu
Department of Instrumentation, Indian Institute of Science
Abstract-
For near infrared imaging of neonatal head surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid layer, we have developed an imaging modality, which uses perturbation Monte-Carlo estimation of Jacobian of the forward model for photon propagation. In this case, we have shown that the conventional techniques, which uses diffusion approximation for light transport in tissue, fails to give the reconstruction of tissue optical proper ....etc

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