Concrete Superplasticizers



What is a superplasticizer

Developed in the 1960 s
First used in Japan and Germany
Introduced in the U.S. in the 1970 s
Neutralizes the surface charges
Causes dispersion
Releases water in cement particles
Reduces viscosity

Linear polymers containing sulfonic acid groups
Sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensates
Sulfonated nephthalene-formaldehyde condensates
Modified lignosulfonates
Polycarboxylate derivatives

Main Purpose
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The environmental impact of paper is significant, which has led to changes in industry and behaviour at both business and personal levels. With the use of modern technology such as the printing press and the highly mechanised harvesting of wood, disposable paper has become a cheap commodity. This has led to a high level of consumption and waste. With the rise in environmental awareness due to the lobbying by environmental organizations and with increased government regulation there is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper ind ....etc

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Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce environmentally safe treated wastewater (or treated effluent). A by-product of sewage treatment is usually a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge, that has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or land application.

Sewage treatment may also be referred to as wastewater treatment, although the latter is ....etc

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Superplasticisers are high range water reducing admixtures. Admixture is defined as a material other than cement ,water and aggregate that is used as an ingredient of concrete and is added to the batch immediately before or during mixing. The development of superplasticisers is one the major break throughs in concrete technology, which will have a significant effect on the production and use of concrete in the next millennium. Superplasticisers have been greatly responsible for development of the following connects.
1) High performance connect ....etc

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Mix design can be defined as the process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative proportions with the object of producing concrete of certain minimum strength and durability as economically as possible. One of the ultimate aims of studying the various properties of the materials of concrete, plastic concrete and hardened concrete is to enable a concrete technologist to design a concrete mix for a particular strength and durability.

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The proportions of aggregates and cement are important as they are used to obtain optimized, workable and cohesive concrete for a set of locally available concrete ingredients.
When analyzing / designing a concrete mix, the proportion of aggregate cement plays following important roles.
1. The ratio of total aggregate per cement (A / C) decreases with increasing degree of concrete. For example, the degree of aggregate M20 will have an A / C ratio higher than that of M30
The weaker the A / C ratio of the concrete mix, the lower the cement con ....etc

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