FLUID AMPLIFIERS
INTRODUCTION
When one stream of fluid is permitted to impinge on another, direction of flow changes and the tendency of a fluid to strike the wall also changes. This concept gives rise to a new engineering system known as fluidics. The term fluidics is the contraction of the words fluid and logic. Tremendous progress has been made in last twenty years in design and application of fluidic devices.
The current interest in fluidics for logic and control function was launched by the U.S Army ....etc

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my respected coordinators,my name is amit navneet swain, i am from bhubaneswar,orissa and i am doing btech in GITA,bbsr. i want to know that why this class d amplifier is introduced to electronics?i mean what were the difficulties with the class ab amplifier?kindly explain me the reason..i expect i would get the best response from u.. ....etc

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Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is important performance parameter of any difference amplifier. It is the ratio of the differential gain to the common-mode gain, generally expressed in dB. It signifies the ability of an opamp to reject common mode signal, the signal which appears simultaneously at both its input terminals. The CMRR is of great importance when it comes to noise rejection. For applications involving high CMRR, instrumentation amplifiers consisting of three opamps are generally used. It has a major disadvantage that the value o ....etc

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Although the use of parametric amplifiers for high frequency, low noise amplification is relatively recent, the principles themselves are not at all new. They were first propounded by Lord Reyleigh in the 1880s for Mechanical Systems and by R. Hartley in 1930s for electrical applications. The need for extremely low noise amplification , as in radio telescopes, space probe tracking and communications, and tropospheric scatter receivers, spurred the design of useful parametric amplifiers in the late 1950s. The low ....etc

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please send me magnetic amplifiere ppt and documentation to [email protected] ....etc

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Class-D Amplifiers

Class D amplifiers present us with a revolutionary solution, which would help us eliminate loss and distortions caused due to conversion of digital signals to analog while amplifying signals before transmitting it to speakers. This inchoate piece of knowledge could prove to detrimental in improving and redefining essence of sound and take it to a different realm.

This type of amplifiers do not require the use of D-A conversion and hence reduce the costs incurred for developing state of art output ....etc

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Characteristics of Operational Amplifiers

In analog computers and similar circuits, we make the assumption that the key component of the circuit the operational amplifier is perfect and ideal, with an infinite voltage gain and zero input current. Unfortunately, this is not possible in real-world devices. The questions we need to answer, then, are: how close can we come to the ideal, and how much error will be introduced into the results?
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A very typical commercial IC op amp circuit is the 741. This IC has ....etc

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Function of Amplifiers
Amplifiers provides
GAIN
Filtering, Signal processing, Correction for Nonlinearities
Ideal OP Amps
Transfer Function = Output / Input
Voltage Amp TF (Gain):

Usually Av 1
OP Amp is preferred
Easy to use in circuit designed compared to discrete Transistor circuits
Ideal OP Amps (Cont.)
Assumptions
Open loop Gain = Infinity
Input Impedance Rd = Infinity
Output Impedance Ro = 0
Bandwidth = Infinity
Infinite Frequency Response
vo=0 when v1 = v2
No Offset Volt ....etc

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Common Base Amplifiers
Uses the same stabilised bias scheme as CE configuration.
Uses the same stabilised bias scheme as CE configuration.
The base is grounded for a.c. signals using a large capacitor.
Signal input at the emitter (between the emitter and the common base)
Signal output at the collector (between the collector and the common base) ....etc

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A magnetic amplifier is a device which controls the power delivered from an a.c. source by employing a controllable non linear reactive elements or circuit generally interposed in series with the load. The power required to control the reactive element or circuit is made for less than the amount of power controlled; and hence power amplification is achieved. The non-linear reactive element is a saturable reactor. When used in a combination with a set of high-grade rectifiers, it exhibits power amplification properties in the sense that small ch ....etc

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