ABSTRACT
Necessity is the mother of invention. Energy crisis is the cry of
future.
The historical and the present-day civilization are closely interwoven
with energy and in future, our existence will be more dependent upon
energy. The conventional sources of energy, the single most important
pre-requisite for power generation, are depleting fast. The world is
heading towards a global energy crisis mostly due to running out of
these energy sources; decreasing the dependency on fossil fuels is
recommend ....etc

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Abstract

Roadside verges need to be cut for both safety and ecological reasons . This requires energy, currently acquired from fossil fuels with associated release of carbon dioxide (CO2). Leaving the cuttings in place has a detrimental effect on plant species richness; removal leads to increased biodiversity but produces green waste for disposal. This paper describes a model to determine the energy efficiency and surplus energy yield from the use of verge cuttings as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The model is scalable and could be us ....etc

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I INTRODUCTION

1. Tuber Crops
Tuber crops are the third most important food crops of man after cereals and grain legumes. These are a group of plants which produce underground plant parts which are storage in function. They are mainly classified into two:

1. Major tropical tuber crops
2. Minor tuber crops

The major tropical tuber crops grown in our country are cassava, sweet potato, yams & aroids. The minor tuber crops include coleus, Pachyrrhizus, arrow root etc. These tubers are rich source of carbohydr ....etc

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TREATMENT OF DISTILLERY WASTEWATER USING MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES
Presented by
SANJAY KUMAR
(Roll No. 09318001)
Under the guidance of
Professor Anil Kumar Dikshit
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
The purification of waste water from various industrial processes is a world wide problem of increasing importance due to the restricted amounts of water suitable for direct use, the high price of the purification and the necessity of utilizing the wa ....etc

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1. Abstract
Biogas is a clean environment friendly fuel. Raw biogas contains about 55 65% methane (CH4), 30 45% carbon dioxide (CO2), traces of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and fractions of water vapors. Presently, it can be used only at the place where it is produced. There is a great need to make biogas transportable. This can be done by compressing the gas in cylinders which is possible only after removing its CO2, H2S and water vapor components. Pilot level trials to compress the biogas have been carried out ....etc

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BY: P.D.NITYA




Need For Low Energy- Intensive Methods For Treating Low Strength - Large Volume Wastewater (like sewage, industrial washwater, etc.)

1.1 Definition of Low Strength Wastewater

Typical composition of untreated domestic wastewater (influent) was defined using concentration levels as weak, medium, and strong. Weak, medium, and strong levels of BOD5 (mg/L) were identified as 110, 220, and 400, concentrations of TSS (mg/L) were identified as 100, 220, and 350, and concentrations of F ....etc

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Anaerobic treatment methods are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of various wastewaters. Applicable of anaerobic treatment technology municipal waste water is significant for developing country like India because of high energy savings and low capital and OM costs. Among the anaerobic processes upflow Anaerobic sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor has been widely used to treat variety of industrial and domestic waste waters all over the world. Its working and design considerations are considered in this seminars. ....etc

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1. Introduction
Roadside Verges have long been known to be valuable ecologically, although their intrinsic importance can also be very variable. They can provide a locally significant wildlife resource in themselves as well as provide wildlife corridors connecting sites within otherwise impoverished biodiversity landscapes. It has been estimated that there are 3000km of verges in Hertfordshire. However, in order to effectively look at the issue of the wildlife importance of roadside verges, a number of aspects need to be considered. These inc ....etc

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OPTIMIZATION & PERFOMANCE PREDICTION OF ANAEROBIC FLUIDISED BED REACTOR (AFBR) FOR EFFLUENT TREATMENT

Dinesh Bhutada


Department of Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering
MAHARASTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Pune - 411 038



CONTENDS

INTRODUCTION

WASTE WATER TREATMENT AT GLANCE
ANAEROBIC & AEROBIC TREATMENT
HISTORY OF ANAEROBIC TREATMENT PROCESS
UASB TECHNOLOGY (BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT) AT GLANCE
NEED FOR FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR TECH DEVELOPMENT
AFBR PROCESS
CURRENT CHALLENGE ....etc

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INTRODUCTION

A. Relevance :-
The economic of India depends to a large extent on the wheels of transport. The specter of economy ruin due to depleted oil reserves has changed the interest of scientist and research work towards alternative fuels for motor vehicle. Viable substitute for motor spirit are gaseous hydrocarbons, hydrogen gas, alcohol & electricity that run on hydrocarbon gas & electricity are still in the experimental stage. While alcohol is used as a fuel chiefly in Brazil, it?s feasi ....etc

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1. Introduction
Roadside Verges have long been known to be valuable ecologically, although their intrinsic importance can also be very variable. They can provide a locally significant wildlife resource in themselves as well as provide wildlife corridors connecting sites within otherwise impoverished biodiversity landscapes. It has been estimated that there are 3000km of verges in Hertfordshire. However, in order to effectively look at the issue of the wildlife importance of roadside verges, a number of aspects need to be considered. These inc ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Anaerobic treatment methods are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of various wastewaters. Applicable of anaerobic treatment technology municipal waste water is significant for developing country like India because of high energy savings and low capital and OM costs. Among the anaerobic processes upflow Anaerobic sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor has been widely used to treat variety of industrial and domestic waste waters all over the world. Its working and design considerations are considered in this seminars. ....etc

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Continuously reinforced concrete
pavement (CRCP)
Continuously reinforced concrete
pavement (CRCP) is the major type
of highway pavement used for the expressways
in the urban parts. It is favoured because of its increased ride quality,
minimal maintenance, and extended
service life.It does not require any contraction joints. Transverse cracks are allowed to form but are held tightly together with continuous reinforcing steel.CRCP may sometimes experience
early failure of ride quality owing to
surface spalling adjacent to full d ....etc

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Abstract

Roadside verges need to be cut for both safety and ecological reasons . This requires energy, currently acquired from fossil fuels with associated release of carbon dioxide (CO2). Leaving the cuttings in place has a detrimental effect on plant species richness; removal leads to increased biodiversity but produces green waste for disposal. This paper describes a model to determine the energy efficiency and surplus energy yield from the use of verge cuttings as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The model is scalable and could be us ....etc

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Biogas Generation and its Utililities



.Typically 55% methane (CH4) 45% carbon dioxide (CO2) H2S and H2O and trace gases
.Energy comes from methane only
.Energy value of methane 37.78MJ/Nm3
.Energy value of biogas 21MJ/Nm3

Anaerobic digestion technology

In the absence of dissolved oxygen, anaerobic microorganisms will tend to ferment biodegradable matter to carbon dioxide and methane which can be collected and use as a fuel. This process is called anaerobic digestion ....etc

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