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Abstract

Civil engineers are now-a-days being offered a variety of reinforcing steels to resist corrosion of steel in concrete. Two in particular, CRS and MMFX , will be discussed in this write-up However, the author stresses that reinforced concrete construction professionals need to refocus their attention on concrete, the material they know best, rather than on the metallurgical mysteries expounded by specialists from another discipline. After all, as every civil engineer worth his salt knows, concrete is the first line of defence in th ....etc

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Composite Rods as a Steel Substitute in Concrete Reinforcement



Introduction
The concrete construction industry is dealing with a very significant challenge regarding the
deterioration of structures. Nowadays a large number of bridges, buildings and other structural
elements require rehabilitation and repair and its maintenance have become an increasingly serious
problem. Once subjected to repeated loading and to aggressive environmental agents, concrete
structures present a ....etc

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Construction material subjected to repetitive or cyclic loading have to be qualified for their fatigue behaviour. Generally their behaviour is considered satisfactory if they withstand two million cycle of repetitive loading without distress or failure at that required mean stress level and range stress.
The recent research in reinforcing Portland cement based material with randomly distributed fibres was spurred by pioneering research or fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) conducted in the United state in the 1960s.The addition of fibre in the co ....etc

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Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a physical process that takes place during some earthquakes that may lead to ground failure. As a consequence of liquefaction, soft, young, water-saturated, well sorted, fine grain sands and silts behave as viscous fluids rather than solids.
Liquefaction takes place when seismic shear waves pass through a saturated granular soil layer, distort its granular structure, and cause some of its pore spaces to collapse.
The collapse of the granular structure increases p ....etc

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Ductility Design of Reinforced Concrete Apartment Building



DUCTILITY

Ductility can be defined as the ability of material to undergo large deformations without rupture before failure .
The property of the material or a structure indicating the extent to which it can deform beyond the limit of yield deformation before failure.
The ratio of ultimate to yield deformation is defined as ductility.

Necessity of Ductile detailing as per IS 13920:1993

Ductile detail ....etc

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Corrosion of reinforcements has been one of the major challenges that the civil engineers have been facing. Corrosion leads to the formation of rust which results in the spalling of concrete which in turn leads to the exposure of rebars to the aggressive environment. This will accelerate the ill effects and ultimately leads to the break down of the structure. Corrosion mainly occurs in areas of aggressive environment such as coastal regions. It is very important that corrosion of reinforcement must be prevented in order to have a durable struct ....etc

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Reinforced concrete structures often have to face modification and improvement of their performance during their service life. The main contributing factors are change in their use of ,new design standards, deterioration due to corrosion in the steel caused by exposure to an aggressive environment and accident events such as earthquakes .In such circumstances there are two possible solutions: replacement or retrofitting.
Retrofitting of flexural concrete elements are traditionally ac ....etc

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use waste human hair fibre reinforcement concrete pdf

Fibre reinforced concrete can offer a convenient, practical and economical method for overcoming micro-cracks and similar type of deficiencies. Since concrete is weak in tension hence some measures must be adopted to overcome this deficiency. Human hair is strong in tension; hence it can be used as a fibre reinforcement material. Hair Fibre (HF) an alternate non-degradable matter is available in abundance and at a very cheap cost. It also creates environmental problem for its decompositions ....etc

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DUCTILITY DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE APARTMENT BUILDING


ABSTRACT
Among the three basic need of human being shelter is one of the important features. The study of project deals with the effect of earthquake on the structures and their environment & also the method of reducing its effort.
A number of naturally occurring disasters as earthquake are capable of causing death injuries & damage of properties. These natural hazards causes tremendous the losses around the world in e ....etc

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