This circuit protects refrigerators as well as other electrical appliances from over and under voltage. By the name itself we can say that if the input voltage is more or less than the required voltage then the electrical appliance is turned off nothing but it gets disconnected from its respective power supply.
This circuit uses an operational amplifier IC LM324 which is used as a comparator. Generally, the IC LM324 consists of four operational amplifiers, of which only two operational amplifiers are used. In this IC, we ha ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Introduction on over/under voltage protection of electrical appliances ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
1.1 Types of Power Supply
There are many types of power supply. Most are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.
For example a 5V regulated supply:
Figure 1.1 block diagram of a regulated power supply
Each of the blocks is described in more detail:
Transformer- steps down high voltage AC mains ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

here OTHER INDUSTRIAL LOADS means CONTROL EQUIPMENTS,DC MOTORS MAGENTIC SOLENOIDS,ACTUATORS PUMPS..etc.and THIS PROJECT IS DESIGNED TO CONTROL EIGHT RELAYS USING RADIO FREEQUENCY AT 433MHZ RADIO MODULES. EACH RELAY CAN HANDLE UP TO 7AMPERS OF CURRENT AT 230 V AC.
the ready made project kit available by
http://esskayinstituteRFCON.HTM ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

To get full information or details of water level controller with under over voltage protection please have a look on the pages

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-over-under-line-voltage-protection-for-electrical-appliances

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-over-under-voltage-protection-of-electrical-appliances

if you again feel trouble on water level controller with under over voltage protection please reply in that page and ask specific fields in water level controller with under over voltage protection ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

Ula Emino lu, M. Hakan Hocao lu

ABSTRACT
In this paper, the convergence ability of Distribution Systems Power Flow Algorithms, which are widely used for distribution systems analysis, is compared with different voltage-dependent load models. The convergence ability of methods are also evaluated for different tolerance values, voltage levels, loading conditions and R/X ratios, under the wide range exponents of loads. Results show that Ratio-Flow method is preferable from other methods.


INTRODUCTION

....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

to get information about the topic over under voltage protector lm324 full report ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-over-under-voltage-protection-of-electrical-appliances

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-over-under-line-voltage-protection-for-electrical-appliances ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

ABSTRACT:
This circuit protects refrigerators as well as other electrical appliances from over and under voltage. By the name itself we can say that if the input voltage is more or less than the required voltage then the electrical appliance is turned off nothing but it gets disconnected from its respective power supply.
This circuit uses an operational amplifier IC LM324 which is used as a comparator. Generally, the IC LM324 consists of four operational amplifiers, of which only two operational amplifi ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Here is an inexpensive auto cut-off circuit, which is fabricated using transistor and other discrete components. It can be used to protect loads such as refrigerator, T.V., and VCR from undesirable over and under line voltages, as well as surges caused due to sudden failure/resumption of main power supply. This circuit can be used directly as a standalone circuit between the mains supply and the load, or it may be inserted between an existing automatic/manual stabilizer and the load.
The over/unde ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

circuit diagram of over under voltage protectn of electrical applicatins using lm324 ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]