Fundamentals of Passive Optical Network Components & its Variants


Passive Optical Network
Passive optical elements (splitter, coupler, ) based optical distribution network
Special form of FTTC or FTTH
Physical star, but logical bus
Cost effective technology for distribution services
No powering of remote electronics
Eliminates need for conditioned enclosures
Transparent to signal formats
Simplifies future upgrades

Passive Optical Network
Op ....etc

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Abstract:
A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters utilizing Brewster's angle principles are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 32-128. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. A PON configuration reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point to point architect ....etc

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green eld PON networks was deployed to minimize the costs. This technique uses an ef cient heuristic called the Recursive Association and Relocation Algorithm (RARA) to solve the optimization problem. This algorithm can significantly reduce the PON network deployment costs compared to an
intuitive random-cut sectoring approach. The method of cable conduit sharing is proposed to extend to RARA. The studies and analysis shows that there are saturating trends for the PON deployment costs. three system parameters are used viz. optical split r ....etc

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Locally Adaptive Passive Error Concealment
for Wavelet Coded Images

Joost Rombaut, Aleksandra Pi zurica, Member, IEE, and Wilfried Philips, Member, IEE



Abstract

This letter presents a novel locally adaptive error concealment
method for subband coded images. For each lost low-frequency
coefficient, we estimate the optimal interpolation weights
from its neighborhood. The calculation of the interpolation weights
is optimized in the mean squared error sense, and it takes into account
the error ....etc

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INTRODUCTION

Miniaturization has been a key contributor to advances in electronic technology. Certainly, miniaturization has been made possible mostly through remarkable breakthroughs in reducing the size of active components. But as integrated circuits get smaller and more complex, there is an increasing need to also reduce the space required for the supporting passive components. If any of the electronic devices such as cellphone, camcorder, computer, or other consumer electronics system is opened, one or two circuit boards on which are mo ....etc

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Stereoscopic Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging and Ranging

Thomas L thi and Christian M tzler, Senior Member, IEE


Abstract

This paper presents the first stereoscopic range measurements
at a wavelength of 3.3 mmand discusses the accuracy of
this new method. The synthesis of passive millimeter-wave imaging
and stereoscopy combines the advantages of both principles, naturally
looking high-contrast images and superior poor-weather performance
(compared to visible and infrared wavelengths), as well
as the pas ....etc

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Active and Passive Voice


In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action:
I aced the exam.
Subject/actor verb object/thing acted on
In the passive voice, the object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence, and
the actor appears in a prepositional phrase, or is absent from the sentence:
The exam was aced (by me).
Subject verb actor/object of prepositional phrase
Use the active voice when the actor s identity is important.
Active: The butler did it. ....etc

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to get information about the topic ethernet passive optical networks full report ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-ethernet-passive-optical-networks

http://seminarsprojects.net/Thread-gigabit-ethernet-passive-optical-network-ge-pon ....etc

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Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) are an emerging access network technology that provides a low-cost method of deploying optical access lines between a carrier's central office (CO) and a customer site. EPONs build on the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) standard G.983 for asynchronous transfer mode PONs (APON) and seek to bring to life the dream of a full-services access network (FSAN) that delivers converged data, video, and voice over a single optical access system.
The communications industry is on the cusp of a revolut ....etc

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Abstract
A Gigabit Ethernet passive optical network (GE-PON)
The GE-PON includes an optical line terminal (OLT), a plurality of optical couplers, and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs). The OLT sets up an active page link and a standby page link in response to a registration request message received over an optical cable. Each of the ONUs is doubly connected with the OLT via the optical cable and is adapted to transmit the registration request message to the OLT, form the active page link with the OLT via the optical cable if it rec ....etc

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