BIOSORPTION OF METALS


SELECTION OF BIOMASS
While choosing the biomass for metal biosorption, its origin is a major factor .

Biomass can come from, activated sludge or fermentation waste from industries like those of food, diary and starch .

organisms coming from their natural habitats are good sources of biomass.

Fast growing organisms that are specifically cultivated for biosorption purposes


TYPES OF BIOMASS

Agricultural products

Seaweeds

Fungi and Yeast

Bacteria
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Prepared by:
Amit B. Mahindrakar

Introduction

This study is motivated by a real problem at the Alang ship-dismantling facility near Bhavnagar in Gujarat. The focus of this study is the paint chip waste which is generated in ship breaking activity. Alang, located 56 Km away from Bhavnagar city in Gujarat, came up as ship breaking site during 1982-83. Hundreds of old ships, after their useful life, are broken at the Alang ship breaking yards without any precaution to protect the environment. Ship breaking and its harmful consequ ....etc

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which two metal can not be welded and why they can not be welded and we need the reason for that? ....etc

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CHARACTERISATION AND SORPTION PROPERTIES TO HEAVY METALS (Cu2+, Pb2+) OF CHITOSAN COMPLEXES EXTRACTED FROM COCKROACHES OF RWANDA

ABSTRACT
Cockroaches of Rwanda are one of the most important sources of chitosan. In chitosan extraction from Cockroaches, conditions for deproteinization were: 8% NaOH at 95 C for 1 h and demineralization involved treatment with 6.7 % HCl at room temperature. Yield of extract products was .. Chitin-glucan insoluble complexes in the extracted products were identified by FTIR specusing referen ....etc

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Welding of dissimilar metals
Abstract:
There are many applications where welding constructions are produced from materials of different structures. the same applies to mechanical problems of wear, in a situation of high temperature or other conditions in which different properties required from different parts of the same weld.

This leads to the necessity of connection of dissimilar metals. Between a successful weld dissimilar metals is one that is as strong as the weaker of the two metals being joined, i.e. with sufficient tensile strength an ....etc

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CONDUCTIVITY ,FERMI LEVEL ,
MEAN FREE PATH &
RELAXATION TIME
FOR TYPICAL MONO-VALENT METALS
IS SHOWN IN TABLE

The conductivity may be obtained experimentally .
Further we can get by using eqn given below
= ( n*Qe2 * )/me --(1)
but obtained may not be accurate but we will get an idea of magnitude of . In a monovalent metal no of free e- /m3 is equals the no of atoms /m3 . From table we find that relaxation time T is of the order of 10-14 sec .Thus we can say that T is extremely small f ....etc

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A fungus is a member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar forms of fructification such as mushrooms and fungi. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separated from the other eukaryotic kingdoms life of plants and animals.

One characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom of plants, bacteria and some protists, is the chitin in their cell walls. Similar to animals, fungi are heterotrophs; They ....etc

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The Structure of Metals



Crystal Structure of Metals

Common crystal structures for metals
Body-centered cubic (BCC) - alpha iron, chromium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, and vanadium.
Face-centered cubic (FCC) - gamma iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, lead, silver, gold and platinum.
Hexagonal close-packed - beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, magnesium, alpha titanium, zinc and zirconium.

Permanent Deformation and Twinning in Crystal
Figure 1.6 (a) Permanent deformation of a single crystal ....etc

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