ABSTRACT

The study investigates the characteristics strength performance and durability of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) blended cement concrete exposed to sulphate environments. The principal characteristic measured was the compressive strength of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete and OPC/GSA concrete at varying substitution levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% after curing in water and three chemical solutions (MgSO4 , NaSO4 and Ca2 SO4 ) of varying concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% each at 56 day hydration period. The results showed that the ....etc

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Geopolymer Concrete
Geopolymer concrete an innovative material that is characterized by long chains
or networks of inorganic molecules is a potential alternative to conventional portland
cement concrete for use in transportation infrastructure construction. It relies
on minimally processed natural materials or industrial byproducts to significantly
reduce its carbon footprint, while also being very resistant to many of the durability
issues that can plague conventional concrete. However, the development of this
material is still in its ....etc

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LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL
This chapter summarizes the literature survey that was conducted
as a part of the research reported in this thesis. It covers pertinent established
concepts and techniques related to multiobjective cascade control system
design for servo and regulatory processes. Simulation and real time
implementation results for servo and regulatory process using conventional
and intelligent control techniques employed in various literature are analyzed
and discussed. Literature survey was conducted on various optimizatio ....etc

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Introduction to Lithography for Nanometer VLSI Manufacturing


Optical Proximity Correction (OPC)
Optical proximity correction (OPC) is a photolithography enhancement techniques commonly used to compensate the mask pattern for image errors due to diffraction or process effects.

Design for Manufacturability (DFM)
A design methodologyincludes a set of techniquesto modify the design of ICs in order to improve:
Functional yield, parametric yield, reliability
Te ....etc

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The cement industry faces a number of challenges that include depleting fossil fuel reserves, scarcity of raw materials, perpetually increasing demand for cements and concretes, growing environmental concerns linked to climate change and an ailing world economy. Every tonne of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) that is produced releases on average a similar amount of CO2 into the atmosphere, or in total roughly 6% of all man-made carbon emissions. Improved production methods and formulations that reduce or eliminate CO2 emissions from the cement ma ....etc

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Concept of Cement

The word CEMENT may be defined as a substance, which can join two or more pieces of same other substance together to form a unit mass. Cement is a fine powder which when mixed with water and allow to set and harder can join different components together to give a strong structure mechanically. Thus cement can be used as founding material for bricks or for founding solid particles of different sizes (rubble masonry ) to form a monolish.
It was about 150 years ago or so that Cement as we k ....etc

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INTRODUCTION


Use of software in automation and control
system
Computer control system have changed from
centralized control to distributed control.
Need of openness, interoperability and
network supporting of the software.

OPC (OLE for process control)

The OPC Foundation , a non profit cooperation
has established a set of standard OLE/COM
interface protocols intended to improve
interoperability between automation/control
applications, field sys ....etc

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PREFACE
Automation, now a days have become in integral part of the industry, say any production
as well as process industry, it is progressively increasing the productivity and the profitability of
most large organization by rapidly becoming more efficient and competitive by their methods of
production and management. Small industries with small exceptions, is not progressing to the
same extended and their profitability is far too low for stability and growth. The efficiency of
small industries is however, of vi ....etc

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INTRODUCTION


Use of software in automation and control
system
Computer control system have changed from
centralized control to distributed control.
Need of openness, interoperability and
network supporting of the software.

OPC (OLE for process control)

The OPC Foundation , a non profit cooperation
has established a set of standard OLE/COM
interface protocols intended to improve
interoperability between automation/control
applications, field sys ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

DESIGN OF BOILER STACK
ABSTRACT
Chimney, which form the last component of a system using a flue gas such as feoiler, IC engines, play a vital role in maintaining efficiency, draft, etc, of a system and also in minimizing the atmospheric pollution.
The boiler plant of HOCL had used LSHS (low Sulphur heavy stock) as a fuel. Recently they changed the fuel to LSFO (low Sulphur furnace oil). As a combined effect of increased corrosion rate and natural calamities the stack had undergone failure. As per the Kerala State Polluti ....etc

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SCADA

Traditional Control 2nd
Dedicated Consoles
Point to point communication
No network
No remote access
No remote diagnostic
Distributed Control 2nd
Advantages:
Distributed databases/ programs created from a single development environment (also in front end processor)
Distributed access
Distributed diagnostic
Display everything everywhere
Disadvantages:
None of the DC systems are compatible to each other
Difficult:
Integration of various field bus components
What, Where and Why[/b ....etc

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